On Reconstructing Tiwanaku Architecture

Protzen, Jean-Pierre; Nair, Stella

doi:10.2307/991648

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It appears to have been the entryway to a building, although its original location is now unknown; it was moved to its current location by General Sucre in 1825 during the Wars of Independence (Ponce Sanginés 1995:15). Some archaeologists claim, based on the style of the carvings, that it was originally part of Tiwanaku's Puma Punku complex, where similarly carved stone gateways are still visible (Conklin 1991;Protzen andNair 2000, 2002). The sun does not rise directly through the Gateway of the Sun in its current location on any solstice or equinox.…”

Section: Tiwanakumentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Calendars and Bolivian Modernity: Tiwanaku's Gateway of the Sun, Arthur Posnansky, and the World Calendar Movement of the 1930s

Sammells¹

2012

J Latin Amer Carib Anth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resumén Los turistas que asisten al sitio arqueológico de Tiwanaku son presentados con calendarios precolombinos, de los cuales la Puerta del Sol es el más importante, famosa y hermosa. A principios de del siglo 20 Arturo Posnansky y otros arqueólogos creyeron que las inscripciones de la Puerta correspondían a un calendario escrito. Estas teorías se sustentan en las narrativas que consideran Tiwanaku como un fuente de sabiduría tanto en la época precolombinos como en el mundo contemporáneo. Posnansky presentó sus interpretaciones de calendarios Tiwanakotas como respuesta a los debates del Movimiento del Calendario Global, el trataba de racionalizar el calendario gregoriano en la década de 1930. En la Puerta, Posnansky encontró una respuesta boliviana alternativa a la que dominaba en la comunidad internacional científica, la cual buscaba una forma racional de medir el tiempo para la economía mundial. Estos intelectuales bolivianos combinaron su interes por el pasado indígena con sus preocupaciones con el rol del estado boliviano moderno en el sistema global.

show abstract

Section: Tiwanakumentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Calendars and Bolivian Modernity: Tiwanaku's Gateway of the Sun, Arthur Posnansky, and the World Calendar Movement of the 1930s

Sammells¹

2012

J Latin Amer Carib Anth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More impressive, perhaps, was the destruction of the large hall that once occupied the east edge of the Pumapunku platform and that incorporated some of Tiwanaku's largest and heaviest sandstone blocks. Protzen andNair (2000, 2002) demonstrate through acute architectural observations that a series of interlinked, monolithic portals once stood in this hall (Figure 10.9). The stones were not quarried, but rather the portals appear to have been pushed over and smashed in place, where most of the fragments remain to this day.…”

Section: Ritualized Destruction: Pre-or Post-hispanic?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Collapse as Cultural Revolution: Power and Identity in the Tiwanaku to Pacajes Transition

Janusek

2004

Archaeological Papers of the American

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inherent foundations of power are often made explicit in state collapse and ethnogenesis, among the most problematic processes tackled by archaeologists. Recent research on collapse globally indicates that conventional models prioritizing external change (e.g., environmental shift, immigration) fail to address the historical intricacies of and human agency involved in state fragmentation. Some recent models treat collapse as a sudden drop in political complexity, and most fail to elaborate how state collapse influenced postcollapse sociopolitical and cultural patterns. Synthesizing substantial recent research on Tiwanaku (A.D. 500-1150) and post-Tiwanaku Pacajes (A.D. 1150-1450) polities in the south-central Andes, I suggest that state collapse involved a fateful conjunction of sociopolitical and environmental transformations. Drought conditions descended upon a centralized yet highly fragile sociopolitical landscape that had become increasingly volatile during Tiwanaku's apogee. Collapse involved rapid transformation as well as slow, cumulative shifts and enduring continuities. It was a cultural revolution that began during Tiwanaku hegemony and drew heavily on existing practices and ideals. Grounded in practice theory, this case study finds human agency squarely in the center of macroprocesses such as collapse and situates Andean foundations of power in the matrix of local ideals, practices, and identities from which hegemonic regimes such as Tiwanaku were forged.

show abstract

“…In different periods of its existence, Tiwanaku appeared as the center of a huge regional empire, representing one of the most ancient state structures of South America (Browman, ; Goldstein, ; Janusek, ; Kolata, ; Ponce Sanginés, ). The archaeological discoveries, especially structures such as the Akapana or Puma Punku platform mounds (Protzen & Nair, , p. 359; Vranich, ), the Kalasasaya temple, which conserves an outstanding monolith known as the Gate of the Sun, can be viewed in situ in an extensive landscape located next to Lake Titicaca (Ponce Sanginés, ). Indeed, recent discoveries of numerous archaeological remains will certainly complement the currently available information on the life and culture of Tiwanaku, and also on its environmental relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new environmental and spatial approach to the Tiwanaku World Heritage site (Bolivia) using remote sensing (UAV and satellite images)

González

Revilla

2019

Geoarchaeology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper analyses the research carried out in the Tiwanaku World Heritage site in Bolivia, using unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite images. The combined use of images with different scales has made it possible to locate many archaeological structures unknown to date (drainage systems, walls, circular crop marks, and a possible dock). The Sentinel‐2 images, which were processed using principal components analysis and histogram equalization, show the river beds, flood‐prone areas, and several buried drainage channels surrounding the most important structures. The archaeological evidence obtained with the digital terrain model and natural color/multispectral images enables us to contrast a new dimension of land and water uses that go beyond what was known to date. In the same way, these images enable us to understand in detail the environmental characteristics, land use, building distribution, and flood defense structures of the Tiwanaku culture throughout its history, within the context of the environmental conditions of the Bolivian altiplano. This study allowed the authors to collect new information and pose questions on the relationship of this site with water, as well as a better understanding of the extent and habitat of this historical population.

show abstract

On Reconstructing Tiwanaku Architecture

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Ancient Calendars and Bolivian Modernity: Tiwanaku's Gateway of the Sun, Arthur Posnansky, and the World Calendar Movement of the 1930s

Ancient Calendars and Bolivian Modernity: Tiwanaku's Gateway of the Sun, Arthur Posnansky, and the World Calendar Movement of the 1930s

Collapse as Cultural Revolution: Power and Identity in the Tiwanaku to Pacajes Transition

A new environmental and spatial approach to the Tiwanaku World Heritage site (Bolivia) using remote sensing (UAV and satellite images)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About