On Resource Strategy Limitations in Hyperactivity: Cognitive Impulsivity Reconsidered

Sergeant, Joseph A.; Scholten, C. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01631.x

Cited by 115 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…All tasks were self-paced, maximizing the importance of speed rather than errors in detecting ADHD performance deficits (Sykes, Douglas, & Morganstern, 1973). Both "fast-accurate" and "slow-careful" instruction sets can reflect an ADHD deficit (Sergeant & Scholten, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Controlled linguistic response selection results in longer response organization times and may detect an ADHD deficit (de Sonneville, Njiokiktjien, & Bos, 1994), but use of this principle in neuropsychological assessment has not, to our knowledge, been undertaken. Indeed, language impairment may be best detected on self-paced tasks that vary with regard to degree of attention demand (de Sonneville et al, 1994) and instructional set (i.e., careful vs. fast; Sergeant & Scholten, 1985).…”

Section: Utility Of Controlled Processing Self-paced Tasks With Fastmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuropsychological functioning, motor speed, and language processing in boys with and without ADHD

Carte

Nigg

Hinshaw

1996

J Abnorm Child Psychol

190

121

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We administered a neuropsychological battery to boys aged 6 to 12 years old diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 51) and to comparison boys of the same age range (n = 31). Boys with ADHD had greater difficulty than comparison youngsters on nonautomated language and motor tasks administered with a fast instructional set and on one of two traditional frontal executive measures (Porteus mazes). When tasks requiring automatic processing were paired with similar tasks requiring greater use of selective attention processes, the latter, controlled processing tasks differentiated groups better than did automated tasks. This differential effect of otherwise similar tasks is interpreted in terms of an output deficit mediated by response organization as detailed in the information processing literature. The ADHD group also exhibited slow gross motor output, measured independently of verbal output. The findings are evaluated in terms of both Luria's (1973) tripartite model of neurocognitive organization and frontal striatal models, with an emphasis on output processes. The observed language deficits could represent frontal lobe processes intricately related to self-monitoring and planning. The utility of controlled processing, self-paced tasks with fast instructional sets in assessing language and motor skills in ADHD is highlighted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Utility Of Controlled Processing Self-paced Tasks With Fastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological functioning, motor speed, and language processing in boys with and without ADHD

Carte

Nigg

Hinshaw

1996

J Abnorm Child Psychol

190

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All children practiced the task at least once and could practice two more times if needed. Because the literature has documented their importance, a number of factors were kept constant in the administration of the CPTs, including morning administration, the continued presence of an administrator, an emphasis on accuracy rather than speed, and up to three opportunities for the administrator to provide feedback [Davies and Davies, 1975;Ozolins and Anderson, 1980;O'Dougherty et al, 1984;Sergeant and Scholten, 1985;Draeger et al, 1986;Power, 1992;Ballard, 1996;Leark et al, 1999]. Although some of the children with FXS had limited verbal skills, they had sufficient receptive language skills to distinguish between the target and nontarget words.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained attention and response inhibition in boys with fragile X syndrome: Measures of continuous performance

Sullivan

Hatton

Hammer

et al. 2007

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Sustained attention and response inhibition were examined in boys with full mutation fragile X syndrome (FXS) using adapted visual and auditory continuous performance tests (CPTs). Only 61% of 56 boys with visual CPT data and 54% of 52 boys with auditory data were able to demonstrate sufficient understanding to complete the visual and auditory CPTs, respectively. Mental age (MA) predicted whether boys with FXS were able to demonstrate understanding of the CPTs. The performance of boys with FXS who were able to complete the CPTs was compared to a sample of boys without disabilities matched on MA. Boys with FXS demonstrated similar or smaller declines in sustained attention over task time than their MA-matched peers on the visual and auditory CPTs, respectively, but consistently demonstrated greater declines in response inhibition over task time than their MA-matched peers. There were no differences between groups for response time of hits. Higher MAs consistently predicted better sustained attention and response inhibition over task time on the visual and auditory CPTs. Furthermore, boys taking psychotropic medication performed better at the beginning of most tasks, although their performance deteriorated at a faster rate over time, and boys rated as meeting diagnostic criteria for ADHD-hyperactive type had more difficulty over task time with response inhibition on the auditory CPT. For both boys with FXS and their MA matches, performance was better on the visual CPT than on the auditory CPT though this effect may be attributable to a number of factors other than the modality.

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“…Also, a diverse array of findings from studies of cognitive processes involved in motor response control supports the hypothesis of impaired time perception in ADHD. Findings include: 1) deficits in working memory that are believed to play a major role in time perception; 2) adverse effects on task performance of either very brief or long delays between stimuli, and of temporal uncertainty; 3) production of slow and variable responses on tasks with a "fast" instruction set; 4) a high rate of premature responses in experimenter-paced tasks; and 5) impairments in timing motor output (e.g., Barkley et al, 1996;Karatekin & Asarnow, 1998;Mariani & Barkley, 1997;Rubia et al, 1999aRubia et al, , 1999bSergeant & Scholten, 1985;Sonuga-Barke et al, 1998;Zahn et al, 1991). Some recent findings from neuroimaging studies of ADHD have also reported structural anomalies in the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex (e.g., Berquin et al, 1998;Castellanos, 2001;Castellanos et al, 1996Castellanos et al, , 2001Mostofsky et al, 1998).…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time perception deficits in attention‐deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and comorbid reading difficulties in child and adolescent samples

Toplak

Rucklidge

Hetherington

et al. 2003

Child Psychology Psychiatry

157

122

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Background: Our objective was to investigate time perception in Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with and without comorbid reading difficulties (RD) in child and adolescent participants. Method: In study 1, 50 children with ADHD (31 ADHD, 19 ADHD+RD) and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 50) completed three psychophysical tasks: duration discrimination (target duration of 400 ms versus a foil duration), frequency discrimination (a control condition to evaluate general perceptual ability), and a duration estimation task using the method of reproduction for intervals of 400 ms, 2000 ms, and 6000 ms. Study 2 used the same tasks with an adolescent sample (35 ADHD, 24 ADHD+RD, 39 controls). Results: In both studies, children and adolescents with ADHD and ADHD+RD displayed some impairments in duration discrimination and the precision with which they reproduced the intervals on the estimation task, particularly the shorter 400 ms interval. The most severe impairments tended to occur in the comorbid ADHD+RD group. No impairments were found on the frequency discrimination task. ADHD participants also displayed significant intra‐individual variability in their performance on the estimation task. Finally, short‐term and working memory, estimated full‐scale IQ, and teacher report of hyperactivity/impulsivity were found to differentially predict performance on the time perception measures in the adolescent clinical sample. Conclusions: Deficits in duration discrimination, duration estimation, and intra‐individual performance variability may have cascaded effects on the temporal organisation of behaviour in children and adolescents with ADHD and ADHD+RD.

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On Resource Strategy Limitations in Hyperactivity: Cognitive Impulsivity Reconsidered

Cited by 115 publications

References 28 publications

Neuropsychological functioning, motor speed, and language processing in boys with and without ADHD

Neuropsychological functioning, motor speed, and language processing in boys with and without ADHD

Sustained attention and response inhibition in boys with fragile X syndrome: Measures of continuous performance

Time perception deficits in attention‐deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and comorbid reading difficulties in child and adolescent samples

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