On risk management of shipping system in ice-covered waters: Review, analysis and toolbox based on an eight-year polar project

Lu, Liangliang; Kujala, Pentti; Kuikka, Sakari

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113078

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The research method used in this study uses the ISO 31000: 2018 method which begins with risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation, risk management [36][37][38]. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Management Analysis of SMK Telkom Makassar's Integrated Academic Information System in Compliance with ISO 31000 Standards

Sahibu,

Sakti,

Iskandar

2024

ISI

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This investigation seeks to analyze the security risks associated with the Integrated Academic Information System (iGracias) application at SMK Telkom Makassar, using the ISO 31000 standards as a benchmark. The study employs the ISO 31000:2018 Information Technology Risk Management methodology, encompassing stages of risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation, and risk treatment. This methodology enables the researchers to ascertain that risks have been accurately identified, thoroughly analyzed, and appropriately mitigated, minimizing their potential impact on the organization. The findings reveal security issues in the iGracias application at SMK Telkom Makassar, identified through scanning with NMAP Kali Linux, which exposed several open ports, including port 21/tcp, port 22/tcp, and port 25/tcp. Consequently, these open ports present potential opportunities for unauthorized access and cyber-attacks. Moreover, the Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) test results yielded a Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) of 6.1, indicating a medium security level for the iGracias application in the Android environment. User responses revealed process risk at 84%, system security risk at 62%, and incidental risk at 57%. The outcomes of this investigation may serve as a guide in formulating and implementing strategies to uphold the security and quality of the applications in use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Management Analysis of SMK Telkom Makassar's Integrated Academic Information System in Compliance with ISO 31000 Standards

Sahibu,

Sakti,

Iskandar

2024

ISI

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“…loading, modelling and conditions), weathering and transport of oil, response and recovery, and evacuation and rescue. 33 As discussed further below, the current POLARIS does not yet adequately address the research shortages in these key areas.…”

Section: Inherent Risks Associated With Arctic Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming up to Arctic shipping: Unique risk management challenges for marine insurers

Rebelo,

Uchenna Amaefule

2024

Environmental Law Review

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Due to diminishing ice shelves in the Arctic, no doubt caused by climate change, previously unnavigable marine spaces are opening up, which in turn may provide new maritime routes. The shipping and maritime industry may capitalise on these routes more in the future as they provide shorter sailing times, and may assist with increasing oil and gas exploration and extraction in the region. However, increased maritime expansion in the Arctic comes with a number of unique risks and hazards for the insured and insurer. This opinion therefore seeks to discuss the implications of the multitude of risks that are associated with Arctic shipping from a marine insurance perspective and to highlight some of the gaps in existing regulatory frameworks. It is argued that marine insurers require improved data and risk management methodologies in order to better calculate the premiums of Hull & Machinery (H&M) and Protection & Indemnity (P&I) insurance policies for ships travelling through the Arctic. Until such time as these risks can be adequately assessed, evaluated, and managed by insurers; which of course is extremely difficult, due to the extreme environment, the unpredictability of climate change, a lack of key data, and the complexity of the various scenarios that can unfold in the Arctic environment, the practical viability of Arctic shipping remains doubtful. To date, insurers have paid out more in ship damage that has occurred in the Arctic than they have collected in premiums, which in itself is problematic. This situation may change in the future if Arctic shipping grows, and if it does the insurance market will no doubt, need to respond.

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“…This lack of validation raises questions about the reliability and applicability of the models (Bergström et al., 2022; Zhang, Zhang, et al., 2020). Because there is limited data and information available on Arctic navigation, expert judgments and knowledge play a crucial role in assessing safety risks (Fu et al., 2021; Lu et al., 2022). However, these expert judgments and knowledge cannot be accurately reproduced using the models in the current studies to predict the risk associated with unseen environmental data (Fu et al., 2021; Rae & Alexander, 2017).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the related studies about assessment of Arctic navigation risk have certain limitations (Mazaheri et al., 2016; Montewka et al., 2022). These studies were developed based on accident statistics and expert judgments (Fu et al., 2022; Jones et al., 2023; Lu et al., 2022). The risk assessment models in most of these studies were not validated by actual data of Arctic navigation (Cao et al., 2022; Guo et al., 2022; Vanhatalo et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2022), which casts doubt on the robustness and generalization ability of the models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interpretable XGBoost‐based approach for Arctic navigation risk assessment

Yao

Kang

et al. 2023

Risk Analysis

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The Northern Sea Route (NSR) makes travel between Europe and Asia shorter and quicker than a southern transit via the Strait of Malacca and Suez Canal. It provides greater access to Arctic resources such as oil and gas. As global warming accelerates, melting Arctic ice caps are likely to increase traffic in the NSR and enhance its commercial viability. Due to the harsh Arctic environment imposing threats to the safety of ship navigation, it is necessary to assess Arctic navigation risk to maintain shipping safety. Currently, most studies are focused on the conventional assessment of the risk, which lacks the validation based on actual data. In this study, actual data about Arctic navigation environment and related expert judgments were used to generate a structured data set. Based on the structured data set, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and alternative methods were used to establish models for the assessment of Arctic navigation risk, which were validated using cross‐validation. The results show that compared with alternative models, XGBoost models have the best performance in terms of mean absolute errors and root mean squared errors. The XGBoost models can learn and reproduce expert judgments and knowledge for the assessment of Arctic navigation risk. Feature importance (FI) and shapley additive explanations (SHAP) are used to further interpret the relationship between input data and predictions. The application of XGBoost, FI, and SHAP is aimed to improve the safety of Arctic shipping using advanced artificial intelligence techniques. The validated assessment enhances the quality and robustness of assessment.

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On risk management of shipping system in ice-covered waters: Review, analysis and toolbox based on an eight-year polar project

Cited by 4 publications

References 112 publications

Risk Management Analysis of SMK Telkom Makassar's Integrated Academic Information System in Compliance with ISO 31000 Standards

Risk Management Analysis of SMK Telkom Makassar's Integrated Academic Information System in Compliance with ISO 31000 Standards

Warming up to Arctic shipping: Unique risk management challenges for marine insurers

An interpretable XGBoost‐based approach for Arctic navigation risk assessment

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