On-road measurement of NH3 and N2O emissions from a Euro V heavy-duty vehicle

Suarez-Bertoa, Ricardo; Mendoza-Villafuerte, Pablo; Bonnel, Pierre; Lilova, Velizara; Hill, L. Drew; Perujo, A.; Astorga, Covadonga

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.035

Cited by 47 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The MEXA 1400 QL-NX has a wavelength resolution close to 0.006 cm − 1 . Further details on the instrument and its performance during the real time measurements of NH 3 emission on transient cycles and correlation between this instrument and a FTIR can be found in Suarez-Bertoa et al, 2015 , Suarez-Bertoa et al, 2016 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NH 3 (which is a precursor of fine particle formation in the atmosphere ( Kim et al, 2000 ; Phan et al, 2013 )) and N 2 O (which is a powerful greenhouse gas and the single most important ozone-depleting substance (ODS) ( Ravishankara et al, 2009 )) are present in HDV exhaust due the use of urea/SCR DeNO x systems (i.e., NOx reduction systems) ( Guan et al, 2014 ). It has recently been proved possible to measure these emissions on-road ( Suarez-Bertoa et al, 2016 ) opening the door for this type of measurement to be considered in further regulation revisions. While NH 3 emissions from vehicles are only regulated in EU and Korea ( EU, 2011 , MOE, 2014 ), N 2 O emission standards have recently been introduced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Clean Air Act ( EPA, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NOx, NH3, N2O and PN real driving emissions from a Euro VI heavy-duty vehicle. Impact of regulatory on-road test conditions on emissions

Mendoza-Villafuerte

Suarez-Bertoa

Giechaskiel

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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139

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Euro VI emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) introduced for the first time limits for solid particle number (PN) and NH3 emissions. EU regulation also includes a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) based test at type approval, followed by in-service conformity (ISC) testing. A comprehensive study on the real-time on-road emissions of NOx, NH3, N2O and PN from a Euro VI HDV equipped with a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), a Diesel Particle Filter (DPF), a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system and an Ammonia Oxidation Catalyst (AMOX) is presented. Our analyses revealed that up to 85% of the NOx emissions measured during the tests performed are not taken into consideration if the boundary conditions for data exclusion set in the current legislation are applied. Moreover, it was found that the highest NOx emissions were measured during urban operation. Analyses show that a large fraction urban of operation is not considered when 20% power threshold as boundary condition is applied. They also show that cold start emissions account for a large fraction of the total NOx emitted. Low emissions of PN (2.8 × 1010 to 6.5 × 1010 #/kWh) and NH3 (1.0 to 2.2 ppm) were obtained during the on-road tests, suggesting effectiveness of the vehicle's after-treatment (DPF and AMOX). Finally, a comparison between speed-based (as currently defined by Euro VI legislation) and land-use-based (using Geographic Information System (GIS)) calculation of shares of operation was performed. Results suggest that using GIS to categorize the shares of operation could result in different interpretations depending on the criteria adopted for their definition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOx, NH3, N2O and PN real driving emissions from a Euro VI heavy-duty vehicle. Impact of regulatory on-road test conditions on emissions

Mendoza-Villafuerte

Suarez-Bertoa

Giechaskiel

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

Self Cite

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fontaras et al (2012) [11] tested one Euro V diesel truck with PEMS in the city of Milan and found that NO x exceeded the emission limit by four times over normal work conditions, while HC and PM levels were found within limits. Bertoa et al (2016) [12] tested a Euro V HDV with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) after-treatment also using PEMS, under different driving conditions with a large share of urban operation, and found that NO x emissions exceeded the respective Euro limit by four times. Thus, despite the evolution and the increasing stringency of the emission standards during the years and the use of more efficient after-treatment systems, vehicles exhibit NO x levels higher than the corresponding limits when driven in real-world conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Real-World Pollutant Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks with Latest Emissions Control

et al. 2019

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Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) comprise a key source of road transport emissions and energy consumption worldwide mainly due to the growth of road freight traffic during the last two decades. Addressing their air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is therefore required, while accurate emission factors are needed to logistically optimize their operation. This study characterizes real-world emissions and fuel consumption (FC) of HDDTs and investigates the factors that affect their performance. Twenty-two diesel-fueled, Euro IV to Euro VI, HDDTs of six different manufacturers were measured in the road network of the Hong Kong metropolitan area, using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The testing routes included urban, highway and mixed urban/highway driving. The data collected corresponds to a wide range of driving, operating, and ambient conditions. Real-world distance- and energy-based emission levels are presented in a comparative manner to capture the effect of after-treatment technologies and the role of the evolution of Euro standards on emissions performance. The emission factors’ uncertainty is analyzed. The impact of speed, road grade and vehicle weight loading on FC and emissions is investigated. An analysis of diesel particulate filter (DPF) regenerations and ammonia (NH3) slip events are presented along with the study of Nitrous oxide (N2O) formation. The results reveal deviations of real-world HDDTs emissions from emission limits, as well as the significant impact of different operating and driving factors on their performance. The occasional high levels of N2O emissions from selective catalytic reduction equipped HDDTs is also revealed, an issue that has not been thoroughly considered so far.

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“…For that reason, we explored the possibility of their measurement using laboratory grade instrumentation during on-road operation. In previous studies we showed that it is possible to measure NH 3 and N 2 O emissions from heavy-duty and light-commercial vehicles during on-road operation using laboratory grade quantum cascade laser detectors (QCL-IR) and Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) [33][34][35]. We also showed that during on-road operation a gasoline passenger car and a series of CNG light-commercial vehicles present substantial emissions of NH 3 and diesel vehicles equipped with SCR presented low NH 3 emissions [20,24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulated and Non-Regulated Emissions from Euro 6 Diesel, Gasoline and CNG Vehicles under Real-World Driving Conditions

et al. 2020

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The transport sector is one of the main sources air pollutants. Different exhaust after-treatment systems have been implemented over the years to control the emissions of criteria pollutants. However, while reducing the emissions of the target compounds these systems can lead to the emissions of other pollutants and/or greenhouse gases such as NH 3 or N 2 O. Following the implementation of the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure in the EU, vehicles have been equipped with more complex after-treatment configurations. The impact that these technologies may have on the emissions of non-regulated pollutants during real-world driving have not been evaluated until now. In the current study we present the on-road emissions of a series of non-regulated pollutants, including NH 3 , N 2 O, CH 4 and HCHO, measured with a portable FTIR from a series of Euro 6d, Euro 6c and Euro 6d-TEMP, gasoline diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles during real-world testing. The obtained results show that it is possible to measure N 2 O, NH 3 , CH 4 and HCHO during on-road operation. The results also highlight the importance of the measurement of the emissions of these pollutants during real-world driving, as the emissions of NH 3 (a particulate matter precursor) and those of N 2 O and CH 4 (green-house gases) can be high from some vehicle technologies. NH 3 emissions were up to 49 mg/km for gasoline passenger cars, up to 69 mg/km for the CNG light-commercial vehicle and up to 17 mg/km a diesel passenger car equipped with a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR). On the other hand, N 2 O and CH 4 emissions accounted for up to 9.8 g CO 2 eqv/km for a diesel passenger car equipped with a combination of diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC), lean NO x traps (LNT), SCR and possibly an ammonia slip catalyst ASC.Atmosphere 2020, 11, 204 2 of 18 organic compounds (NMVOCs) and CH 4 are the main precursors of ground-level (tropospheric) O 3 . Aiming at improving Europe's air quality, policy actions have increasingly been taken to address transport-related air pollution. At European Union (EU) level, this has included the regulation of emissions by setting emission standards (Euro 1 to Euro 6) or by setting requirements for fuel quality.To meet these standards, passenger cars have been equipped with different emission control systems. Thus, three-way catalytic converters (TWC) are commonly used to reduce the emissions of CO, hydrocarbons (HC) and NO x from gasoline cars. In the case of diesel cars, CO and HC emissions are reduced using diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC), and NO x emissions using selective catalytic reduction systems (SCR), lean NO x traps (LNT) or a combination of both. While reducing the emissions of the target compounds these systems can lead to the emissions of other pollutants that are not currently regulated for the passenger cars in the EU. The emitted pollutants include NH 3 [2,3] and N 2 O. In fact, several laboratory-based studies have indicated that vehicle emissions of NH 3 and N 2 O are linked to the use o...

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On-road measurement of NH3 and N2O emissions from a Euro V heavy-duty vehicle

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

NOx, NH3, N2O and PN real driving emissions from a Euro VI heavy-duty vehicle. Impact of regulatory on-road test conditions on emissions

NOx, NH3, N2O and PN real driving emissions from a Euro VI heavy-duty vehicle. Impact of regulatory on-road test conditions on emissions

Characterization of Real-World Pollutant Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks with Latest Emissions Control

Regulated and Non-Regulated Emissions from Euro 6 Diesel, Gasoline and CNG Vehicles under Real-World Driving Conditions

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