On Secondary Recycling of the Domestic Thermoplastic Waste with Reinforcement of Aluminum Powder

Utilizing in-nozzle impregnation for enhancing the strength of recycled PET-derived 3D printed continuous banana fiber reinforced bio-composites

“…Over the years, FDM has been extensively used to reuse smallscale thermoplastic waste materials to fabricate different end-use components. The demand for cheap and sustainable 3D printing polymer has created an interest in developing 3D printer feedstock filament using thermoplastic waste like ABS (Mishra et al, 2023c), PLA (Alexandre et al, 2020), HDPE (Daniele et al, 2023), LDPE (Kumar et al, 2021(Kumar et al, , 2023c, PET (Ror et al, 2023) and PP (Mishra et al, 2023b). Due to the present demand, several companies are currently producing filaments that are derivative of thermoplastic waste and are commercially available (Mikula et al, 2020).…”

“…Hence, to improve the performance of recycled thermoplastic 3D printing material, several methods have been adopted such as polymer blending (Mishra et al , 2023c, 2023d), use of natural/synthetic filler and short/continuous fiber reinforcement. Reinforcements like recycled rubber (Badini et al , 2024), graphene, silica-alumina (Bedi et al , 2018; Singh et al , 2018, 2019), titanium oxide, metal powders, melamine formaldehyde (MF) (Singh et al , 2023), Bakelite (Singh et al , 2019), wood dust (Chawla et al , 2020), rice husk (Morales et al , 2021), bio-char (Idrees et al , 2018), aluminum powder (Kumar et al , 2023c), clothing fibers (Carrete et al , 2021) and many more were mixed in nano/micro size with thermoplastic waste to enhance the physical, mechanical, thermal and structural properties of FDM built parts. Short fibers (synthetic and natural) were added to extrude composite filament, which is required by specialized and expensive FDM machines like Markforge and Prusa.…”