SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTSelection of population with the largest (smallest) amount of overlap is applicable in many socio-economic, ecological as well as geological situations.From the available k(k ~ 2) populations, the goal is to select the population corresponding to the largest (smallest) amount of overlap between two mutually exclusive subgroups of each population. A Bechhofer style selection procedure is proposed, which is carried out based on a random sample of size n taken independently from each subgroup. The relation between the Mahalanobis distance and the overlap coefficient is used to develop the selection procedure required to achieve a pre-specified probability of correct selection. The least favorable configuration and the expressions for the infimum of the probability of correct selection are given under two scenarios, namely (a) the population variances are known and (b) the population variances are unknown. A table of constants is provided for determining the optimal sample sizes needed from each population to meet the specifications. One application of this procedure to the hospitalization data for newborn babies is discussed.