On snow entrainment in avalanche dynamics calculations

Sovilla, Betty; Margreth, Stefan; Bartelt, Perry

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.08.012

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Further, the proposed approach is valuable for use of dynamics models including mass uptake (e.g. Sovilla and Bartelt, 2002;Naaim et al, 2003;Eglit and Demidov, 2005;Sovilla et al, 2007), because the estimated values of H 72i (T ), explicitly depending on altitude, can be used to set initial conditions for erodible snow cover along the avalanche track (e.g. Bianchi Janetti and Gorni, 2007;Bianchi Janetti et al, 2008), of primary importance for mass uptake calculation (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional evaluation of three day snow depth for avalanche hazard mapping in Switzerland

Bocchiola

Janetti

Gorni

et al. 2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The distribution of the maximum annual three day snow fall depth H 72 , used for avalanche hazard mapping according to the Swiss procedure (Sp), is investigated for a network of 124 stations in the Alpine part of Switzerland, using a data set dating back to 1931. Stationarity in time is investigated, showing in practice no significant trend for the considered period. Building on previous studies about climatology of Switzerland and using an iterative approach based on statistical tests for regional homogeneity and scaling of H 72 with altitude, seven homogenous regions are identified. A regional approach based on the index value is then developed to estimate the T -years return period quantiles of H 72 at each single site i, H 72i (T ). The index value is the single site sample average µ H 72i . The dimensionless values of H * 72i =H 72i /µ H 72i are grouped in one sample for each region and their frequency of occurrence is accommodated by a General Extreme Value, GEV, probability distribution, including Gumbel. The proposed distributions, valid in each site of the homogeneous regions, can be used to assess the T -years return period quantiles of H * 72i . It is shown that the value of H 72i (T ) estimated with the regional approach is more accurate than that calculated by single site distribution fitting, particularly for high return periods. A sampling strategy based on accuracy is also suggested to estimate the single site index value, i.e. the sample average µ H 72i , critical for the evaluation of the distribution of H 72i . The proposed regional approach is valuable because it gives more accurate snow depth input to dynamics models than the present procedure based on single site analysis, so decreasing uncertainty in hazard mapping procedure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional evaluation of three day snow depth for avalanche hazard mapping in Switzerland

Bocchiola

Janetti

Gorni

et al. 2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…One of the most obvious observation, either via remote sensing or even by eye, is that the summit regions of high mountains even though receiving highest snow precipitation amounts are often snow free ( Figure 1b). The responsible processes are in principal well known: (1) Preferential snow deposition as discussed, e.g., by Lehning et al [2008] accounting for the interaction between wind and topography and leading to irregularly distributed snowy precipitation due to local and regional eddies; (2) snow transport by gravitative forces in form of singular events like avalanches or in form of snow slides [Gruber, 2007;Sovilla et al, 2006;Sovilla et al, 2007]; (3) wind induced snow transport modifying the original snow distribution especially under frequent high wind speed conditions also leading to large losses due to sublimation of snow in turbulent suspension [Bernhardt et al, 2009;Doorschot et al, 2001;Lehning et al, 2006;Liston and Sturm, 1998;Pomeroy and Gray, 1990;Pomeroy et al, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SnowSlide: A simple routine for calculating gravitational snow transport

Bernhardt

Schulz

2010

Geophysical Research Letters

100

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[1] Knowledge about lateral snow transport processes is essential for the description of the spatial distribution of snow and therefore for the distribution of water on the lands surface. While numerous snow hydrological models are accounting for wind induced snow transport, they are mostly neglecting gravitational snow transport processes. This leads to unrealistic calculations of snow cover distributions in high Alpine regions effecting the subsequent prediction of individual components of the water and energy cycles at the land surface. "SnowSlide" as presented here is a fast and parsimonious model component allowing for the calculation of gravitational snow transport processes in an integral way. The functionality and performance of SnowSlide is demonstrated a) for artificial land surfaces and b) for two winter periods at the Watzmann massif in south-east Germany. It is shown that the integration of SnowSlide into the snow-hydrological model "SnowModel" is significantly improving the prediction of spatially distributed snow patterns in high Alpine areas and therefore generating more realistic descriptions of Alpine water and energy balances.Citation: Bernhardt, M., and K. Schulz (2010), SnowSlide: A simple routine for calculating gravitational snow transport, Geophys.

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“…Interpretations of similar deformation have been made for turbulent subaerial gravity flows such as powder snow avalanches (e.g. Sovilla et al 2007) and hot pyroclastic flows (e.g. Sparks et al 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interpreting syndepositional sediment remobilization and deformation beneath submarine gravity flows; a kinematic boundary layer approach

Butler

Eggenhuisen

Haughton

et al. 2015

JGS

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Turbidite sandstones and related deposits commonly contain deformation structures and remobilized sediment that might have resulted from post-depositional modification such as downslope creep (e.g. slumping) or density-driven loading by overlying deposits. However, we consider that deformation can occur during the passage of turbidity currents that exerted shear stress on their substrates (whether entirely pre-existing strata, sediment deposited by earlier parts of the flow itself or some combination of these). Criteria are outlined here, to avoid confusion with products of other mechanisms (e.g. slumping or later tectonics), which establish the synchronicity between the passage of overriding flows and deformation of their substrates. This underpins a new analytical framework for tracking the relationship between deformation, deposition and the transit of the causal turbidity current, through the concept of kinematic boundary layers. Case study examples are drawn from outcrop (Miocene of New Zealand, and Apennines of Italy) and subsurface examples (Britannia Sandstone, Cretaceous, UK Continental Shelf). Example structures include asymmetric flame structures, convolute lamination, some debritic units and injection complexes, together with slurry and mixed slurry facies. These structures may provide insight into the rheology and dynamics of submarine flows and their substrates, and have implications for the development of subsurface turbidite reservoirs.

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On snow entrainment in avalanche dynamics calculations

Cited by 43 publications

References 15 publications

Regional evaluation of three day snow depth for avalanche hazard mapping in Switzerland

Regional evaluation of three day snow depth for avalanche hazard mapping in Switzerland

SnowSlide: A simple routine for calculating gravitational snow transport

Interpreting syndepositional sediment remobilization and deformation beneath submarine gravity flows; a kinematic boundary layer approach

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