On stars and spikes: Resolving the skeletal morphology of planktonic Acantharia using synchrotron X-ray nanotomography and deep learning image segmentation

Somu, Dawn Raja; Cracchiolo, Timothy; Longo, Elena; Greving, Imke; Merk, Vivian

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.037

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Diatoms create their shells, called frustules, using silica (SiO 2 ) [5]. Similar structures are observed in Radiolaria [6], with the significant exception of the Acantharea group, whose shell is made up of strontium sulphate (SrSO 4 , celestine) [7]. Sponge spicules (the rigid, structural elements in their endoskeleton) are made by calcium carbonate or silica, depending on the species [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Removal of Organic Materials from Mytilus Shells and Their Morphological and Chemical-Physical Characterisation

Ubaldini,

Cicconi,

Calistri

et al. 2024

Crystals

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A simple and effective method to eliminate the organic component from mussel shells is presented. It is based on the use of hot hydrogen peroxide. Mollusc shells are composite materials made of a calcium carbonate matrix with different polymorphs and numerous biomacromolecules. The described method was used on mussel shells, but it is generalisable and allows the complete removal of these organic components, without altering the inorganic part. Specimens were kept in a H2O2 40% bath for few hours at 70 °C. The organic layers found on the faces of the shells were peeled away in this way, and biomacromolecules were degraded and removed. Their fragments are soluble in aqueous solution. This easily permits the chemical-physical characterisation and the study of the microstructure. The quality of calcite and aragonite microcrystals of biogenic origin is very high, superior to that of materials of geological or synthetic origin. This may suggest various industrial applications for them. Calcium carbonate is a useful precursor for cements and other building materials, and the one obtained in this way is of excellent quality and high purity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Removal of Organic Materials from Mytilus Shells and Their Morphological and Chemical-Physical Characterisation

Ubaldini,

Cicconi,

Calistri

et al. 2024

Crystals

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Environmental selection and advective transport shape the distribution of two cyst-forming Acantharia clades in the Canadian Arctic

Thaler,

Labarre,

Lovejoy

2024

Journal of Plankton Research

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Anthropogenic induced climate perturbations are seen in changes in oceanic circulation patterns, and Arctic water masses defined by salinity are vulnerable to change. Biogeography of marine microbial eukaryotes is expected to be impacted by changes in local environmental conditions and advective processes, but tracking the extent of plankton distribution requires understanding routes for both active and passive tracers. To identify such tracers, we focused on samples collected in the western (Canada Basin) and eastern (Nares Strait); extremes of the Canadian High Arctic that are connected by an east flowing current north of Canada. Sequencing of the V4 region of 18S rRNA revealed that Acantharia, a taxonomically and functionally diverse group of large planktonic protists, were particularly common. Arctic acantharians in our study were dominated by two clades belonging to cyst-forming groups. The distribution of one clade suggested successful advective transport from the Pacific sourced water in the Beaufort Gyre to southern Nares Strait, with cells transported along the northern shelf of the Canadian Arctic. A second clade appeared to be a resident taxon of the Canada Basin whose distribution correlated to local environmental conditions, and detection in deeper samples would be consistent with swarmer formation enabling reestablishment the following year.

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On stars and spikes: Resolving the skeletal morphology of planktonic Acantharia using synchrotron X-ray nanotomography and deep learning image segmentation

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

Removal of Organic Materials from Mytilus Shells and Their Morphological and Chemical-Physical Characterisation

Removal of Organic Materials from Mytilus Shells and Their Morphological and Chemical-Physical Characterisation

Environmental selection and advective transport shape the distribution of two cyst-forming Acantharia clades in the Canadian Arctic

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