On steady homogeneous sand–water flows in a vertical conduit

Gallo, Fernanda; Woods, Andrew W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00608.x

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The velocity of a water jet that succeeded in penetrating soft rocks varied from 92 to 200 m s −1 and was associated with pressure between 5 and 22 MPa (Momber 2004). The predicted velocity for sand liquefaction is about 2 m s −1 (Gallo & Woods 2004), which is within the lower range of velocities that were obtained in the present study for clastics injected into dykes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The models of this study calculate the velocities needed to obtain a turbulent flow, and based on these velocities, determine the pressures that are also consistent with that needed to dilate the fractures. The obtained pressures for the present geological setting and mechanical approach are about one order of magnitude higher than those of Gallo & Woods (2004). Jolly & Lonergan (2002) calculated an overpressure of several MPa for a sandy source layer at hundreds of metres below the surface.…”

Section: Driving Pressures and Injection Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Jolly & Lonergan (2002) calculated an overpressure of several MPa for a sandy source layer at hundreds of metres below the surface. In their model, similar to that of Gallo & Woods (2004), the overpressure is built‐up by the difference between the host rock and the sand‐water mixture densities. However, the injection velocities, as well as the dyke dilation, were not considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For flow of sand-water mixtures in 10-100 m height vertical conduits, Gallo & Woods (2004) calculated overpressures between 0.35 to 1 MPa. In their model, the overpressures are formed due to the difference between the densities of the host rock and the sand-water mixture.…”

Section: Driving Pressures and Injection Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Velocities and driving pressures of clay-rich sediments injected into clastic dykes during earthquakes

Levi¹,

Weinberger²,

Eyal³

et al. 2008

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YWe studied the velocities and driving pressures associated with clastic-dyke formation in the Ami'az plain, where hundreds of clastic dykes cross-cut the soft rock of the late Pleistocene lacustrine Lisan Formation, within the seismically active Dead Sea basin. Flow of clastic material into fractures and opening of the fractures are two mechanisms that occur during earthquake-induced clastic dyke emplacement. Two analytic models were established, based on field observations and experimental viscosity tests, to estimate the velocities and driving pressures that were associated with dyke emplacement: (a) a channel flow for upward injection of a clay-water mixture and (b) a profile of fracture dilation based on the elastic theory analysis. The two models predict that pressures between 1 and 10 MPa are generated in the source layer and dykes in the last stage of the injection process. In addition, the channel flow model predicts that the injection velocity reaches metres to tens of metres per second and the emplacement time of the clastic dykes is on a scale of seconds. It is suggested that the high pressure values represent the static stress drop during earthquake events or represent dynamic stresses resulting from the seismic waves which passed through the soft lacustrine rocks. In both cases, the predicted high pressure values indicate that the clastic dyke was emplaced in close proximity of an active segment of the Dead Sea Fault during the late Pleistocene-Holocene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Driving Pressures and Injection Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Driving Pressures and Injection Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Velocities and driving pressures of clay-rich sediments injected into clastic dykes during earthquakes

Levi¹,

Weinberger²,

Eyal³

et al. 2008

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Maltman, 1994; Jolly & Lonergan, 2002; van Rensbergen et al. , 2003; Gallo & Woods, 2004; Hurst et al. , 2006; Vigorito et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated model of extrusive sand injectites in cohesionless sediments

Ross¹,

Peakall²,

Keevil³

2011

Sedimentology

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Clastic injection and surface expression of subsurface sediment remobilization is a phenomenon which is becoming increasingly recognized. However, understanding of the physical mechanisms that control these features remains limited, dominated by inference from outcrop and seismic studies. Here, this limitation is addressed through a set of experiments focused on the development and evolution of fluidization features in non‐cohesive bedded sequences. Fluidization and the onset of piping are shown to occur progressively through a sequence of discrete phases, with initial void formation, development of infiltration horizons, rupture and finally pipe formation. Critically, the style of piping, the stability of piping and the temporal evolution of venting are shown to exhibit considerable variability. In particular, pipes may either be stable or very mobile, migrating laterally over large distances; these produce deposits that are typically interpreted in outcrop as being the product of en masse liquefaction rather than localized, dynamic fluidization. These differing elements are synthesized to produce a model of sand extrudites. In addition, the implications of this model are explored.

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