On Strengthening of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Large Strain Cold Working

Shakhova, Iaroslava; Belyakov, Andrey; Yanushkevich, Zhanna; Tsuzaki, Kaneaki; Kaibyshev, Rustam

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2016-095

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…where α is a numerical factor, G is the shear modulus, b is the Burgers vector, and ρ is the dislocation density. Assuming a linear function between the dislocation and grain size strengthenings [38][39][40] and taking α = 0.7 [41], G = 81,000 MPa, and b =2.6 × 10 −10 m [20], the dislocation density in the present samples after hot compression can be evaluated varying from 3 × 10 13 m −2 to 8 × 10 13 m −2 . Note, these values are close to those measured in an austenitic stainless steel after hot working under similar conditions [42].…”

Section: Strengthening By Drxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamically Recrystallized Microstructures, Textures, and Tensile Properties of a Hot Worked High-Mn Steel

Dolzhenko

Tikhonova

Kaibyshev

et al. 2019

Metals

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The deformation microstructures and mechanical properties were studied in a high-Mn steel subjected to hot compression. The deformation microstructures resulted from the development of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Two DRX mechanisms, namely discontinuous and continuous, operated during warm-to-hot working. Under the conditions of hot working when the flow stresses were below 100 MPa, a power law function was obtained between the DRX grain size and the true flow stress with a grain size exponent of −0.8 owing to the discontinuous DRX. On the other hand, the gradual change in the operating DRX mechanism from a discontinuous to continuous one upon a transition from hot to warm working, when the true flow stress increases above 100 MPa, resulted in the grain size exponent of about −0.5 in the power law between the flow stress and the DRX grain size. The DRX microstructures developed by warm-to-hot working provide a beneficial combination of mechanical properties including high ultimate tensile strength in the range of 700–900 MPa and sufficient ductility with a uniform elongation well above 50%. The strengthening of the samples with DRX microstructures was attributed to the combined effect of the grain size and dislocation strengthening resulting in a rather high grain boundary strengthening factor of 570 MPa μm0.5 in the Hall-Petch-type relationship.

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Section: Strengthening By Drxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamically Recrystallized Microstructures, Textures, and Tensile Properties of a Hot Worked High-Mn Steel

Dolzhenko

Tikhonova

Kaibyshev

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…The strain-induced martensite readily develops in deformation micro-shear bands, which result from in-grain localisation of the plastic flow, or deformation twins and, especially, at twins/microbands intersections [6,7]. The frequent deformation twinning and strain-induced martensitic transformation during cold working of austenitic stainless steels result in subdivision of original microstructures into ultrafine crystallites with a size of below 0.1 μm [8][9][10][11][12]. Such microstructure refinement along with high dislocation density in the cold worked steels provides substantial strengthening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such microstructure refinement along with high dislocation density in the cold worked steels provides substantial strengthening. The strength of cold worked stainless steels may exceed 2 GPa [8,10,[13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain refinement and strengthening of austenitic stainless steels during large strain cold rolling

Odnobokova

Belyakov

Kaibyshev

2018

Philosophical Magazine

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The microstructure/texture evolution and strengthening of 316 L-type and 304 L-type austenitic stainless steels during cold rolling were studied. The cold rolling was accompanied by the deformation twinning and micro-shear banding followed by the strain-induced martensitic transformation, leading to nanocrystalline microstructures consisting of flattened austenite and martensite grains. The fraction of ultrafine grains can be expressed by a modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation, while inverse exponential function holds as a first approximation between the mean grain size (austenite or martensite) and the total strain. The deformation austenite was characterised by the texture components of Brass, {011}<211>, Goss, {011}<100>, and S, {123}<634>, whereas the deformation martensite exhibited a strong {223}<110> texture component along with remarkable γ-fibre, <111>∥ND, with a maximum at {111}<211>. The grain refinement during cold rolling led to substantial strengthening, which could be expressed by a summation of the austenite and martensite strengthening contributions.

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“…It is clearly seen that the dislocation strengthening can be expressed by Equation (4) with α = 0.6. The value of α has been reported varying from about 0.2 to 0.5 [14,15,24,[30][31][32]. Relatively large α = 0.6 obtained for the present work hardened steel samples may be attributed to an enhanced efficiency of dislocation strengthening in high-Mn austenitic steels with low SFE as well as to somewhat underestimated dislocation density by the KAM values, which are actually associated with excess dislocations of similar Burgers vectors rather than total dislocation density [33].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The strength of work hardened metallic materials was treated with a modified Hall-Petch type relationship including the term of dislocation strengthening [16,17,34,35]. However, a mutual correlation between the dislocation densities and grain boundary densities in metals and alloys subjected to large strain deformation made the estimation of individual strengthening mechanisms difficult [32,36,37]. In contrast, the present approach of fractional contributions of different strengthening mechanisms, which are originated from specific structural elements, into overall strength allows us to adequately predict the yield strength of steels with a mixture of various work hardened, recovered, and recrystallized microstructures.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High-Mn TWIP Steel Subjected to Cold Rolling and Annealing

Kalinenko

Kusakin

Belyakov

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:The structure-property relationship was studied in an Fe-18Mn-0.6C-1.5Al steel subjected to cold rolling to various total reductions from 20% to 80% and subsequent annealing for 30 min at temperatures of 673 to 973 K. The cold rolling resulted in significant strengthening of the steel. The hardness increased from 1900 to almost 6000 MPa after rolling reduction of 80%. Recovery of cold worked microstructure developed during annealing at temperatures of 673 and 773 K, resulting in slight softening, which did not exceed 0.2. On the other hand, static recrystallization readily developed in the cold rolled samples with total reductions above 20% during annealing at 873 and 973 K, leading to fractional softening of about 0.8. The recrystallized grain size depended on annealing temperature and rolling reduction; namely, it decreased with a decrease in the temperature and an increase in the rolling reduction. The mean recrystallized grain size from approximately 1 to 8 µm could be developed depending on the rolling/annealing conditions. The recovered and fine grained recrystallized steel samples were characterized by improved strength properties. The yield strength of the recovered, recrystallized, and partially recrystallized steel samples could be expressed by a unique relationship taking into account the fractional contributions from dislocation and grain size strengthening into overall strength.

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On Strengthening of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Large Strain Cold Working

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

Dynamically Recrystallized Microstructures, Textures, and Tensile Properties of a Hot Worked High-Mn Steel

Dynamically Recrystallized Microstructures, Textures, and Tensile Properties of a Hot Worked High-Mn Steel

Grain refinement and strengthening of austenitic stainless steels during large strain cold rolling

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a High-Mn TWIP Steel Subjected to Cold Rolling and Annealing

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