On‐substrate derivatization for detection of highly volatile G‐series chemical warfare agents via paper spray mass spectrometry

Abstract

Derivatization of paper spray substrates was shown to greatly increase the time for analysis of CWAs. This technique, combined with the vapor phase capture stage outlined previously, allows for rapid, quantitative CWA detection by paper spray ionization with little or no sample preparation.

A novel approach for the detection and identification of sulfur mustard using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry based on its selective oxidation to sulfur mustard monoxide with N‐iodosuccinimide

“…A simple derivatization reaction for the detection and identification of G-nerve agents (GB, GD, GF, and GA) by LC-ESI-MS/MS or by direct ESI-MS/MS was previously developed. [24][25][26][27][28][29] Hence, we were highly motivated to develop a chemical derivatization reaction for the detection and identification of HD by LC-ESI-MS/MS.…”

“…HD is hardly soluble in water, and when dissolved, it dissociates rapidly and is not well ionized by ESI; therefore, its direct analysis by LC‐MS is challenging. A simple derivatization reaction for the detection and identification of G‐nerve agents (GB, GD, GF, and GA) by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS or by direct ESI‐MS/MS was previously developed 24–29 . Hence, we were highly motivated to develop a chemical derivatization reaction for the detection and identification of HD by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS.…”

Emerging trends in paper spray mass spectrometry: Microsampling, storage, direct analysis, and applications

“…Highly volatile CWAs such as the G‐series can be modified both in solution and vapor phase using 2‐[(dimethylamino)methyl] phenol. This paper substrate dopant causes lower volatility complexes to form, extending the time CWAs are absorbed for PS analysis (Mach et al, ). Ozonolysis of double bonds has been achieved for polar lipids, which can subsequently be characterized by MS/MS (Oradu & Cooks, ).…”

Identification of G‐nerve agents at picogram levels from complex organic samples containing hydrocarbon interferences by aqueous extraction, followed by derivatization and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis

“…This LC–MS‐based method enables sensitivity enhancement by several orders of magnitude compared with conventional GC‐EI‐MS analysis. 2‐DMAMP was also applied for derivatizing G‐nerve agents onto paper spray substrate as reported recently by Mach et al We were motivated to apply this derivatization approach for the detection and identification of G‐nerve agents after aqueous extraction of organic samples that contain diesel and gasoline, which might be encountered under battlefield conditions…”