On surface stress and surface tension

Thermal properties of nanoporous gold

“…Our results suggest that the bond length contraction in NPG has the same origin (surface tension) as in other low dimensional, unsupported Au systems. 42 Debye temperatures for bulk Au and Ag obtained in our analysis (Table 1) The nanoscale size effect on Debye temperature is far from being understood.…”

Evolution of crystallite size, lattice parameter and internal strain in Al precipitates during high energy ball milling of partly amorphous Al87Ni8La5 alloy

“…It has been reported that the lattice parameter increases or decreasesas a function of the crystallite size [14,[24][25][26][27].There are several models which describe thecorrelationof the lattice parameter with the crystallite size based on (a) the surface energy [28][29][30], (b) the lack of the outermost bonding of the surface atoms [31],and (c) intra-crystalline pressure [32,33]. According to Qi et al [14] the decrease in the lattice parameter ( ಲ ሺ୲ୀ ሻି ಲ ሺ౪ሻ ಲ ሺ୲ୀ ሻ ൌ ࢤ )of aluminumdepends on the surface energy ࢽ, thecrystallite shape Į(Į=1 for spherical shape), the shear modulusGand the crystallite size D.According to Qi et al [14]the changes of the lattice parameter ( ௱ బ )of Al nanocrystals in ball milled Al 87 Ni 8 La 5 can be described by…”

Surface and interface stress effects in thin films

“…Figure 4 gives plots of the critical thickness for epitaxy as a function of the magnitude of the misfit strain. The parameters g and ao were calculated using Equations (26) and (27) and employing typical values for metals and semiconductors for the shear constants and the Burgers vector. The difference between the surface stress and surface free energy was taken to be f -7 = 2 J/m 2.…”