On symptom perception, placebo effects, and the Bayesian brain

Arandia, Iñigo Romero; Paolo, Ezequiel A. Di

doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002488

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We thank Arandia and Di Paolo for their thoughtful comments. 1 Because we agree with many of the comments, we think the contention mostly comes down to a matter of different emphasis. The point of our review was to show that predictive processing (PP) turns the biomedical model on its head because of the primacy of generative top–down processes.…”

Section: Letter To Editorsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Although we deemed this to be the main thrust of the article, Arandia and Di Paolo 1 focus most of their critique on our brief account of open-label placebo (OLP), arguing that it is paradoxical. They also maintain that PP invites neurocentric explanations that downplay embodied and environmental factors.…”

Section: Letter To Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the neurocentrism critique, we agree that we did not stress the significance of social context enough. With more space, we would have clarified that the brain is simply a mediating organ , 5 that perception can only arise in active interaction with body and environment, and that embodied and enactive perspectives are fundamental in the understanding of pain (like Arandia and Di Paolo, 1,2 we are theoretical pluralists). We disagree with the claim that PP is necessarily internalist, however.…”

Section: Letter To Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ongaro¹

2022

Pain

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error signals for a predictive model, making the explanation ultimately an internalist one.Without ruling out predictive models entirely, we call for a plurality of explanatory resources when facing phenomena as complex and varied as placebo, pain, or "medically unexplained symptoms." The enactive conception of embodied agency arising from perception-action loops 4 contrasts with the internalist view on perception that the authors themselves criticize, but which PP models tend to favour. 8 By considering the physiological, psychological, and social dimensions of embodiment as deeply entangled pain in the absence of physiological dysfunction is not always surprising. These ideas provide a larger base to build explanations of pain 2,19 and placebo 1,15 overcoming typical assumptions (eg, patient passivity and individualism). The plurality we call for invites a broadening of experimental resources. Combinations of the latest technological advances (eg, hyperscanning 5 ), experimental paradigms such as OLP, and methods from anthropology and phenomenology 20 can shed new light on embodied and interactive processes and experiences. These underexplored possibilities are likely to play key roles in pain and placebo research. 1 Predictive approaches are powerful mathematical tools but, we suggest, do not capture embodied and relational aspects in their full complexity and reduce their role to the generation of error signals.

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Section: Letter To Editorsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Letter To Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Letter To Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reply to Arandia and Di Paolo

Ongaro¹

2022

Pain

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“…Further, it is well known that placebo effects are elicited in laboratory settings by exposing participants to distinct levels of stimulations (e.g., conditioning phase). It has also been hypothesized that placebo effects may depend on an altered ability to detect pain signals (e.g., pain signal detection (Allan & Siegel, 2002)) or Bayesian approach to perception (Arandia & Di Paolo, 2022; Ongaro & Kaptchuk, 2019), which considers placebo effects as a “false positive” behaviour in response to physical pain signals (Allan & Siegel, 2002). With this somatosensorial and introspective basis for placebo in mind, Yogis may have developed a greater ability to distinguish between distinct heat‐pain stimulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yoga and massage are associated with small experimental placebo effects in chronic orofacial pain

Yin

Muhammed

Wang

et al. 2023

European Journal of Pain

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Background Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches (CIHA), including but not limited to, natural products and Mind and Body Practices (MBPs), are promising non‐pharmacological adjuvants to the arsenal of pain management therapeutics. We aim to establish possible relationships between use of CIHA and the capacity of descending pain modulatory system in the form of occurrence and magnitude of placebo effects in a laboratory setting. Methods This cross‐sectional study investigated the relationship between self‐reported use of CIHA, pain disability, and experimentally induced placebo hypoalgesia in chronic pain participants suffering from Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). In the 361 enrolled TMD participants, placebo hypoalgesia was measured using a well‐established paradigm with verbal suggestions and conditioning cues paired with distinct heat painful stimulations. Pain disability was measured with the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, and use of CIHA were recorded with a checklist as part of the medical history. Results Use of physically oriented MBPs (e.g., yoga and massage) was associated with reduced placebo effects (F1,2110.44 = 23.15, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.171). Further, linear regressions indicated that greater number of physically oriented MBPs predicted smaller placebo effects (β = −0.17, p = 0.002), and less likelihood of being a placebo responder (OR = 0.70, p = 0.004). Use of psychologically oriented MBPs and natural product were not associated with placebo effects magnitude and responsiveness. Conclusions Our findings suggest that use of physically oriented CIHA was associated with experimental placebo effects possibly through an optimized capability to recognize distinct somatosensorial stimulations. Future research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying placebo‐induced pain modulation in CIHA users. Significance Chronic pain participants who use physically oriented mind–body practices, such as yoga and massage, demonstrated attenuated experimentally induced placebo hypoalgesia in comparison with those who do not use them. This finding disentangled the relationship between use of complementary and integrative approaches and placebo effects, providing the potential therapeutic perspective of endogenous pain modulation in chronic pain management.

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“…Most of the traditional research methods are based on experimental tests, which are difficult to operate, costly in terms of experimentation and time, and require high equipment. In this paper, we use a non-contact method, the optimised XGBoost regression model of Sparrow 13 for forecasting. The method is simple to operate, more efficient and easy to apply in practice.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sparrow-based optimised XGBoost blast furnace utilisation factor forecasting model

Wang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applicati

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An XGBoost regression blast furnace utilisation coefficient forecasting model based on sparrow optimisation is constructed. The model is to improve the blast furnace utilisation coefficient. To combine the advantages of sparrow-optimised XGBoost in terms of multiple linearity and regression, etc., and based on 652 sets of original sample information, we regress the blast furnace utilisation coefficient forecasting model with the help of sparrow-optimised XGBoost. The relationship between the regulation of economic and technical indicators (coke ratio, coal ratio, fuel ratio, etc.) and the blast furnace utilisation factor is thus determined. The accuracy of the blast furnace utilisation coefficient prediction is 93.1298%, and the RMSE of the sparrow-optimised XGBoost blast furnace utilisation coefficient prediction model is 0.2860, R2 is 0.7637 and MAPE is 0.0808. The simulation effect is effective and has considerable application prospect and promotion value in steel enterprises.

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On symptom perception, placebo effects, and the Bayesian brain

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Reply to Arandia and Di Paolo

Reply to Arandia and Di Paolo

Yoga and massage are associated with small experimental placebo effects in chronic orofacial pain

Sparrow-based optimised XGBoost blast furnace utilisation factor forecasting model

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