On territorial behavior and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds

Fretwell, Stephen D.; Calver, James Stevan

doi:10.1007/bf01601954

Cited by 365 publications

(450 citation statements)

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“…When individuals are excluded from more suitable habitats, they have to inhabit inferior marginal habitats often associated with higher risks of predation or starvation (Errington 1946). If habitat selection is density-dependent, we would, therefore, expect individuals at low density to be more habitat specific compared to individuals in a population where competition is higher (Fretwell and Lucas 1970). This suggests that habitat selection should be studied both in the light of habitat quality and population density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that habitat selection should be studied both in the light of habitat quality and population density. When a population is small, the distribution of a species should provide a strong ecological signal regarding suitable habitat (Fretwell and Lucas 1970). Strong intraspecific competition for habitat, on the other hand, could weaken the ecological signal of habitat choice if many individuals are forced to reside in low-quality habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution in Norwegian lemming Lemmus lemmus in relation to the phase of the cycle

et al. 2018

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Competition between individuals of the same or different species affects spatial distribution of organisms at any given time. Consequently, a species geographical distribution is related to population dynamics through density-dependent processes. Small Arctic rodents are important prey species in many Arctic ecosystems. They commonly show large cyclic fluctuations in abundance offering a potential to investigate how landscape characteristics relates to density-dependent habitat selection. Based on long-term summer trapping data of the Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus) in the Scandinavian Mountain tundra, we applied species distribution modeling to test if the effect of environmental variables on lemming distribution changed in relation to the lemming cycle. Lemmings were less habitat specific during the peak phase, as their distribution was only related to primary productivity. During the increase phase, however, lemming distribution was, in addition, associated with landscape characteristics such as hilly terrain and slopes that are less likely to get flooded. Lemming habitat use varied during the cycle, suggesting density-dependent changes in habitat selection that could be explained by intraspecific competition. We believe that the distribution patterns observed during the increase phase show a stronger ecological signal for habitat preference and that the less specific habitat use during the peak phase is a result of lemmings grazing themselves out of the best habitat as the population grows. Future research on lemming winter distribution would make it possible to investigate the year around strategies of habitat selection in lemmings and a better understanding of a fundamental actor in many Arctic ecosystems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution in Norwegian lemming Lemmus lemmus in relation to the phase of the cycle

et al. 2018

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“…At small spatial scales, ideal free distribution (hereafter, "IFD") theory has been used to predict optimal habitat selection [18]. The theory describes how equally competitive animals with perfect information and the freedom to act upon that information should distribute themselves in a patchy environment, see [9] for an extension to continuous space.…”

Section: Theodore E Galanthaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, organisms using such a strategy will be distributed so that the net growth rate in all patches is equivalent and equal to zero. At this type of equilibrium, organisms are in an ideal free distribution [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Mathematical study of the effects of travel costs on optimal dispersal in a two-patch model

Galanthay¹

2015

DCDS-B

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The theoretical dispersal of organisms has been widely studied. It is well known for single species dispersal in a spatially heterogeneous and temporally constant environment that "balanced dispersal" is an evolutionarily stable strategy [36,10]. This assumes that organisms do not pay a cost to move from one part of the environment to another. We begin this paper by proving that the optimal strategy for organisms constrained by perceptual limitations, described by [19], is evolutionarily stable. Then, we extend this idea of optimal dispersal to a situation where constrained organisms pay a cost to move between two patches in a heterogeneous environment. For moderate travel costs, we find a convergent stable strategy that suggests an extension of the balanced dispersal concept. Furthermore, we show for high costs that the best strategy is to ignore information about the environment.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 34D23; Secondary: 92D25.

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“…When foraging for food that is unequally distributed in different locations, the stronger foragers have a greater chance of attaining the food in the location of their choice (e.g., Fretwell & Lucas, 1970; for review, see Kennedy & Gray, 1993 ). Our setup differs from studies of foraging, which usually focus on equally strong competitors (e.g., Goldstone & Ashpole, 2004;Sokolowski & Tonneau, 2004).…”

Section: Mcgraw-hill Dictionary Of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

To be at the tail of the lions or the head of the foxes?

Avrahami

Ezer

Güth

et al. 2019

Behavioral Decision Making

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Agents seeking an opportunity for profit often have to compete with others who pursue the same opportunity. When having to choose between a number of opportunities differing in their value and if individuals differ in their chances of outperforming others, the choice can be cognitively and emotionally demanding. We explore choice between opportunities using stylized Lions–Foxes games. In such a game, each of three players, with different odds of beating others, has to choose one of two contests that offer different rewards. After game theoretically analyzing the games, which we have experimentally employed, we report four experiments that vary in choice elicitation (repeated play or strategy method), in players' matching (random strangers or partners) and in rewards. Regarding contest choices, we found the choice of the higher value (and seemingly more prestigious) contest to be positively related to winning odds, contrary to what four out of the five (mixed, partially mixed, or pure) equilibria predict. Participants started out rather optimistic, with a large majority choosing the higher value option, but with experience, they approached the only viable of two pure strategy equilibria. Still, mixing continued via reacting to past play and outcome, apparently balancing dissatisfaction from choosing either contest.

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On territorial behavior and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds

Cited by 365 publications

References 2 publications

Spatial distribution in Norwegian lemming Lemmus lemmus in relation to the phase of the cycle

Spatial distribution in Norwegian lemming Lemmus lemmus in relation to the phase of the cycle

Mathematical study of the effects of travel costs on optimal dispersal in a two-patch model

To be at the tail of the lions or the head of the foxes?

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