On the Absorption of Water by the Skin of the Frog

Maxwell, Sophie

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1913.32.5.286

Cited by 22 publications

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“…The mletlhod used to nmeasure the permleability of amiiphlibian skin to water was based on a techniqlue dlescril)ed by Maxwell (1913). A b)ag was ma(le froml the skin of each hind leg.…”

Section: Disi/dt -Pimentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Aspects of the Water Economies of Nine Species of Amphibians

Schmid¹

1965

Ecology

118

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The water economies of nine species of anuran amphibians have been examined for (1) response to controlled desiccation, (2) response to prolonged hydration, and (3) some physiological factors related to the observed interspecific differences in these responses.The nine species exhibited a marked variation in habitat preferences with regard to the availability of water, and correlations were observed between habitats and responses to experimental conditions. Species from more aquatic habitats exhibited lower tolerances to desiccation; however, they were able to endure hydration for significantly longer periods than terrestrial species. Physiological specialization was observed which may be primarily responsible for the observed interspecific differences in response to prolonged hydration. The skin of aquatic species was less permeable to water and the effective osmolarity of blood plasma was less than that of terrestrial species. It has been suggested that species from terrestrial habitats, especially those of the families Bufonidae and Hylidae, may be limited from wintering in water because of their intolerance to hydration. INTRODUCTIONEcology is concerned not only with the question of what the relationships are between organisms and their environment, but also how these relationships are taking place. The latter question may be approached by studying responses to controlled conditions in the laboratory. These responses, and the physiological bases of these responses, provide information which is fundamental to the concept of the ecological niche. This approach was used in the present study in which the water economies of nine species of anuran amphibians have been examined for (1) response to desiccation , (2) response to hydration, and (3) some physiological factors related to the observed interspecific differences in these responses.The amphibians included in this study were found to have widely differing habitat preferences with respect to the availability of water. The habitat preferences of the nine species of frogs and toads are summarized as follows. (1) Rana septentrionalis Baird, the mink frog, is probably the most aquatic of the species studied. It was never found far from permanent bodies of water. All specimens were collected in Lake Itasca, Clearwater County, Minnesota. (2) Rana clamitans Latreille, the green frog, is also a distinctly aquatic species, and like the mink frog, was never encountered far from water. This frog is scarce in the Itasca area, and specimens were collected in the St. Croix River near Never's Dam, Pine County, Minnesota. (3) Rana pipiens Schreber, the leopard frog, is semiaquatic and has successfully invaded a number of habitats. Specimens were collected in grassy fields, along banks of streams and lakes, and in the brushy edges of deciduous woods. (4) Rana sylvatica LeConte, the wood frog, might be classified as semiaquatic, but seems to be more terrestrial than the leopard frog for it was often collected far from water. All specimens were collected in deciduous woods of th...

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“…The mletlhod used to nmeasure the permleability of amiiphlibian skin to water was based on a techniqlue dlescril)ed by Maxwell (1913). A b)ag was ma(le froml the skin of each hind leg.…”

Section: Disi/dt -Pimentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Aspects of the Water Economies of Nine Species of Amphibians

Schmid¹

1965

Ecology

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This observation confirms the view of several recent authors that amphibian skin's permeability to water is the same in both directions. A number of earlier writers reported experiments demonstrating that the amphibian skin has an inward permeability to water which is greater than its outward permeability (Reid 1890;Maxwell 1913;Przyleski 1924). That the skin of normal frogs has an irreciprocal permeability for certain salts and other water-soluble substances appears to be incontestable (Przyleski 1922), and it is well known that salt is actively taken up by frog skin against a gradient (Huf 1936;Krogh 1937Krogh , 1938Krogh , 1939.…”

Section: Uptake Of \Vater Following Desiccationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Water Economy to Terrestrialism in Amphibians

Thorson¹

1955

Ecology

151

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The character of the lymphatics in experimental edema

Clark

1921

Anat. Rec.

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El cariicter de 10s linfiiticos en el edema experimental.Los autores han producido edema en el renacuajo mediante:(1) Extirpaci6n del pronefros; (2) extirpacibn del esbozo del coras6n; (3) impidiendo el desarrollo de la musculatura del coraz6n linfAtico, y (4) en conexi6n con la inflamaci6n ashptica. 1. En 10s individuos sin pronefros, el liquido plasmtitico se acumula tan solo en la cavidad abdominal. La circulaci6n sanguinea se hace miis dificil y el desarrollo de 10s vasos sangufneos se retarda. Los linfiiticos se desarrollan, y en apariencia funcionan normalmente. 2. Cuando se extirpa el coraz6n . el edema estti limitado a las cavidades del cuerpo. Los capilares linfiticos de la cola aparecen un poco mks grandes que lo normal. 3. En renacuajos desprovistos de coraz6n linfitico contrhctil grandes .cantidades de liquido se acumulan en 10s senos cefilicos, y eventualmente en el tejido subcutheo del cuerpo y cola. 4. En el edema inflamatorio 10s copilares linfiticos de la regi6n afectada se distienden.En embriones de pollo, 10s autores impidieron el desarrollo del coraz6n linfiitico cortando la cola en 10s embriones de tres dias. A 10s siete dias 10s embriones esthn edematosos. La inyecci6n demuestra la presencia de linfhticos distendidos en forma de saco, en vez de aparecer como 10s conductos mis pequeiios, presentes en 10s embriones normales. Conclusiones : 1. Los capilares linfiticos se desarrollan normalmente, absorbiendo linfa, sin circulaci6n sangdnea o con circulaci6n defectuosa. 2. Cuando se impide la salida del liquido que ocupa 10s linfiticos estos se distienden. 3. La acumulaci6n de fluido en 10s espacios de 10s tejidos est& asociada con ma dilataci6n de 10s capilares linfiticos. Este resultado se opone a la idea generalmente mantenida por 10s patblogos, de que 10s capilares linfiiticos se contraen en el edema.

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On the Absorption of Water by the Skin of the Frog

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Some Aspects of the Water Economies of Nine Species of Amphibians

Some Aspects of the Water Economies of Nine Species of Amphibians

The Relationship of Water Economy to Terrestrialism in Amphibians

The character of the lymphatics in experimental edema

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