On the adaptive value of monomorphic versus dimorphic enantiostyly in<i>Solanum rostratum</i>

Mora‐Carrera, Emiliano; Castañeda‐Zárate, Miguel; Fornoni, Juan; Boege, Karina; Domínguez, César A.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcy162

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Some have argued that lack of complete reciprocity in male and female organ positioning (as is the case for B. aurea ) can represent a form of reproductive assurance through pollinator-mediated geitonogamy. Mora-Carrera et al . (2019) , for example, argued that monomorphic enantiostyly might be maintained under pollen limitation because it would increase the probability of geitonogamy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The enantiostylous floral polymorphism of Barberetta aurea (Haemodoraceae) facilitates wing pollination by syrphid flies

Johnson,

Midgley,

Illing

2023

Annals of Botany

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Background and aims Sexual polymorphisms of flowers have traditionally been interpreted as devices that promote cross-pollination, but they may also represent adaptations for exploiting particular pollination niches in local environments. The cross-pollination function of enantiostyly, characterized by flowers having either left- or right-deflected styles, has been uncertain in some lineages, for example the Haemodoraceae, because the positioning of stamens and styles is not always completely reciprocal among morphs. Methods We examined the floral biology of populations of the poorly-known species Barberetta aurea (Haemodoraceae) across its native range in South Africa to establish the general features of its enanatiostylous reproductive system and the agents and mechanism of pollen transfer. Results We confirmed that B. aurea has a system of dimorphic enantiostyly. Style morph ratios varied among populations sampled but with an overall tendency to being equal. Crossing experiments demonstrated that B. aurea is fully self-compatible, that intra- and inter-morph crosses are equally fertile, and that it is wholly dependent on pollinator visits for seed production. Pollination is mainly by syrphid flies which transfer the sticky pollen via their wings, which precisely contact the anthers and stigma as they hover during approach and feeding. The majority of syrphid fly visitors feed on a film of highly concentrated nectar situated at the base of UV-absorbent “nectar guides”. Because one of the three stamens is deflected in the same direction as the style, we predicted a high likelihood of intra-morph pollination and this was corroborated by patterns of transfer of coloured dye particles in cage experiments involving syrphid flies. Conclusions Barbaretta aurea exhibits dimorphic enantiostyly and, in contrast to most enantiostylous species which are pollinated by bees, its flowers are specialized for pollination by syrphid flies. The lack of complete reciprocity of the enantiostylous arrangement of sexual organs facilitates both inter- and intra-morph pollen transfer on the wings of these flies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The enantiostylous floral polymorphism of Barberetta aurea (Haemodoraceae) facilitates wing pollination by syrphid flies

Johnson,

Midgley,

Illing

2023

Annals of Botany

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“…enantiostyly, the 'style bending' of the Solanum rostratum gynoecium [12]. However, it is important to note that asymmetry does not equal to disorder; in fact, asymmetric flowers display higherordered complexity, in which breaking bilateral symmetry is often a strategy employed to co-ordinate pollen uptake and release by the pollinator visiting the flowers [6,13].…”

Section: The Diversity Of Flower Morphology Defines Flower Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral symmetry: the geometry of plant reproduction

Jiang

Moubayidin

2022

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences

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The flower is an astonishing innovation that arose during plant evolution allowing flowering plants — also known as angiosperms — to dominate life on earth in a relatively short period of geological time. Flowers are formed from secondary meristems by co-ordinated differentiation of flower organs, such as sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. The position, number and morphology of these flower organs impose a geometrical pattern — or symmetry type — within the flower which is a trait tightly connected to successful reproduction. During evolution, flower symmetry switched from the ancestral poly-symmetric (radial symmetry) to the mono-symmetric (bilateral symmetry) type multiple times, including numerous reversals, with these events linked to co-evolution with pollinators and reproductive strategies. In this review, we introduce the diversity of flower symmetry, trace its evolution in angiosperms, and highlight the conserved genetic basis underpinning symmetry control in flowers. Finally, we discuss the importance of building upon the concept of flower symmetry by looking at the mechanisms orchestrating symmetry within individual flower organs and summarise the current scenario on symmetry patterning of the female reproductive organ, the gynoecium, the ultimate flower structure presiding over fertilisation and seed production.

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“…Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum Dunal) is an exotic weed species of Solanaceae family, which is native to North America and spreads to nearly 20 countries and regions in the world [1,2]. It is a noxious weed, which has strong adaptability and is fast-growing, and livestock may experience poisoning symptoms or even death if it is eaten by mistake [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcriptome and bioinformatics are important tools for gene-mining and a comprehensive analysis of molecular regulation in many species. Our objectives are to: (1) use high-throughput RNA-Seq to analyze the gene expression profiles of the seed germination of buffalobur under GA and ABA treatments; (2) unveil the interaction between GA and ABA in terms of their effects on puncture force and EBM activity during the seed germination of buffalobur; and (3) mine potential genes that might be used in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination for the integrated management of buffalobur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insights into Seed Germination Differences in Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum Dunal) under Contrasting GA and ABA Availability

Chen,

Li,

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum Dunal) is an invasive species that seriously endangers crop production and the ecological environment. Seeds are the primary source of infestation; therefore, understanding the molecular basis of buffalobur seed dormancy, and germination is crucial for precision weed management. In this study, high-throughput RNA-Seq was performed on buffalobur seeds, which imbibed under 0.35 mmol/L giberellic acid (GA) and 0.35 mmol/L abscisic acid (ABA). In total, 3658 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during seed germination. Gene annotation revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched during the protein metabolic process, as well as the macromolecular complex and cytoplasmic part for ABA versus GA. Pathway analysis predicted that the DEGs were associated with metabolic pathways, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and ribosome. Nine germination-related genes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of the phytohormones and encoding of the endo-β-mannanase (EBM) were identified. Gene expression indicated that GA upregulated GA3OX1 and MAN2 expression to increase the EBM activity, which caused the endosperm cap to weaken and lowered the puncture force to trigger the germination of buffalobur. The obtained results would be helpful to clarify the regulation of seed dormancy and the germination of buffalobur, and could serve as a valuable resource when unravelling the genetic basis of seed biology of this weed species.

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On the adaptive value of monomorphic versus dimorphic enantiostyly inSolanum rostratum

Abstract: Monomorphic enantiostyly should be resistant to invasion of the dimorphic form because the prevalent ecological conditions favour the maintenance of geitonogamous individuals that are able to take advantage of ecological heterogeneity and generalized pollination limitation.

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

The enantiostylous floral polymorphism of Barberetta aurea (Haemodoraceae) facilitates wing pollination by syrphid flies

The enantiostylous floral polymorphism of Barberetta aurea (Haemodoraceae) facilitates wing pollination by syrphid flies

Floral symmetry: the geometry of plant reproduction

Genomic Insights into Seed Germination Differences in Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum Dunal) under Contrasting GA and ABA Availability

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