On the analysis and interpretation of spaced‐receiver measurements of transionospheric radio waves

Rino, C. L.; Livingston, R. C.

doi:10.1029/rs017i004p00845

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…From intensity and phase scintillation measurements of transionospheric signals, it has been found that the electron density irregularities are structured by the earth's magnetic field. Results from the Wideband satellite, for example, confirm eallier results that the electron density irregularities are aligned along the earth's magnetic field lines (Rino, Livingston, 1982). At equatorial latitudes, the alignment is in the form of rod-like structures elongated along the magnetic field lines.…”

Section: Spectral Properties Of Irregularitiessupporting

confidence: 61%

Effects of Strong Scattering on Transionospheric Propagation

Sprague¹

1989

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A JAN12 1990Appro~d for pUbic releas; Cstrbtln is wianited. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 01 12 072 NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER ABSTRACT PWl&mn 200 w ds). .This report presents preliminary results of an effort to model the effects of ionospheric electron density irregularities on transionospheric propagation. The focus of the report is on propagation at HF and low VHF, where strong multiple scattering is often encountered. A strong scattering model is therefore used to predict the effects on such parameters as the phase autocorrelation function, the spectrum of intensity fluctuations, and the fluctuation in angle of arrival. Reqrements for improvements in the model and directions for later work are discussed. PREFACEThis report presents the results of modeling the effects of electron density irregularities on transionospheric propagation. The objective of this effort has been to provide a tool for determining, in real time, the expected effects of such irregularities on the performance of a given transionospheric monitoring system. While these effects can take several forms, we concentrate here on the -ariation in the phase of the signal due to scattering caused by such irregularities.In this report, we shall be mainly interested in remote locating systems. Such systems rely on accurate measurements of the phase difference between separated receive antennas to provide estimates of apparent angular location (azimuth/ elevation). Fluctuations in this phase difference due to scattering caused by electron density irregularities result in a consequent fluctuation in the apparent location of the transmitter. System performance can be seriously degraded if the correlation in the phase fluctuation between antennas is low or the mean square fluctuation in phase is large. In any case, the accurate determination of the phase fluctuations provides an estimate of the error for a given location estimate and thus provides important information for the system user.Another feature that must be addressed under strong multiple-scattering conditions is the reduction of correlation in the intensity of the signal. Under such scattering conditions, defocusing by large scale* irregularities can cause deep small-period fades in signal strength. For sufficiently strong scattering, these signal fades may have a spatial extent on the order of the size of the locating system (tens of meters). This loss of signal makes the system unreliable at best and, in some cases, inoperable.This area of investigation is not completely new; there exists a large body of related work. What is different about this effort is the extension to low VHF and HF operational frequencies. Previous work has, for the most part, dealt with higher frequencies where, in general, the relatively simple single-scatter models are applicable. Also, at these frequencies, one can generally ignore the refractive effects of the background ionization. This simplifies the implementation of the models considerably.At lower frequencies, strong multiple refra...

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Section: Spectral Properties Of Irregularitiessupporting

confidence: 61%

Effects of Strong Scattering on Transionospheric Propagation

Sprague¹

1989

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“…Gusev and Ovchinnikova, 1980;Ruohoniemi et al, 1987;Afraimovich et al, 2001), and numerous results have been reported in the past (e.g. Moorcroft and Arima, 1972;Martin and Aarons, 1977;Fremouw et al, 1977;Rino et al, 1978;Rino and Livingston, 1982;Gailit et al, 1982;Eglitis et al, 1998). Despite significant progress in this field, the relationship between the irregularity parameters and the conditions in the background ionospheric plasma is not well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation of the cross-field anisotropy of small-scale ionospheric irregularities and direction of plasma convection

2005

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Abstract.The relationship between the orientation of the small-scale ionospheric irregularity anisotropy in a plane perpendicular to the geomagnetic field and the direction of plasma convection in the F region is investigated. The crossfield anisotropy of irregularities is obtained by fitting theoretical expectations for the amplitude scintillations of satellite radio signals to the actual measurements. Information on plasma convection was provided by the SuperDARN HF radars. Joint satellite/radar observations in both the auroral zone and the polar cap are considered. It is shown that the irregularity cross-field anisotropy agrees quite well with the direction of plasma convection with the best agreement for events with quasi-stationary convection patterns.

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“…The most common observation has been more or less east-west orientation (e.g. Martin and Aarons, 1977;Rino and Livingston, 1982) but occasionally north-south orientations have also been found (e.g. Moorcroft and Arima, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most studies the irregularities seem to be elongated in the magnetic east-west direction (Martin and Aarons, 1977;Fremouw et al, 1977;Rino et al, 1978;Rino and Livingston, 1982), but sometimes the orientation is found to be rather in the north-south direction (Moorcroft and Arima, 1972). Rod-like irregularities have also been reported (Pryse et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparison of the orientation of small-scale electron density irregularities and F region plasma flow direction

et al. 2000

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Abstract. Results are shown from an experimental campaign where satellite scintillation was observed at three sites at high latitudes and, simultaneously, the F region plasma¯ow was measured by the nearby EISCAT incoherent scatter radar. The anisotropy parameters of ®eld-aligned irregularities are determined from amplitude scintillation using a method based on the variance of the relative logarithmic amplitude. The orientation of the anisotropy in a plane perpendicular to the geomagnetic ®eld is compared with the direction of F region plasma¯ow. The results indicate that in most cases a good agreement between the two directions is obtained.

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On the analysis and interpretation of spaced‐receiver measurements of transionospheric radio waves

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Strong Scattering on Transionospheric Propagation

Effects of Strong Scattering on Transionospheric Propagation

Orientation of the cross-field anisotropy of small-scale ionospheric irregularities and direction of plasma convection

Comparison of the orientation of small-scale electron density irregularities and F region plasma flow direction

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