On the applicability of Arrhenius plot methods to determine surface energetic heterogeneity of adsorbents and catalysts surfaces from experimental TPD spectra

Intermittent temperature-programmed desorption study of perovskites used for catalytic purposes

“…This method experimentally bypasses the great difficulties encountered when attempting to theoretically deduce the activation energy function distribution from a single TPD profile. Indeed, the experimental approach used by ITPD is different from the theoretical approach called ''Arrhenius plot method'' reviewed by Rudzinski et al [18]. In addition, one of the advantages of ITPD is that surface initial coverage does not have to be repeated very accurately in the experimental determinations.…”

On the use of the Hill’s model as local isotherm in the interpretation of the behaviour of the adsorption energy distributions

“…The adsorption on receptor sites is characterized by a variable adsorption energy E, according to the adsorption energy distribution. Some years later, a variety of methods were proposed to solve the integral equation and the problem of evaluating the adsorption energy distribution of heterogeneous surface has been considered in details by many authors [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The most widely used method is the condensation approximation approach.…”

“…The most widely used method is the condensation approximation approach. Jaroniec and Madey [9] pointed out the importance of the condensation approximation (CA) method. Rudzinski et al [10] suggested that simplified (CA) method is the only one which can be applied for the extraction of stable   E f by inversion.…”

New approach to determination of surface heterogeneity of adsorbents and catalysts from the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) technique: One step beyond the condensation approximation (CA) method

“…Consequently, a theoretical development with advanced numerical algorithms should be proposed for the proper interpretation of the TPD results. Recently, Rudziński and co-workers [15] concluded that the so-called simplified condensation approximation (CA) methods, usually used on the ground of adsorption equilibrium theory, are in practice the only approximation methods leading to stable evaluation of the desorption activation energy from the TPD spectrum. It will be shown below that the CA gives only a general view of the real desorption activation energy and CA-type methods seem to be perfect as an initial approximation (i.e., trial function).…”