On the application of computational fluid dynamics codes for liquefied natural gas dispersion

Luketa-Hanlin, Anay; Koopman, R.P.; Ermak, D.L.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.023

Cited by 84 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Hence, the temperature change across the leak hole has no effects on calculation results. However, studies show that great temperature drop happens across the leak hole, and the outlet temperature is essential to predict the formation of the liquid pool outside of the hole [37]. In this paper, we predict the change in temperature by use of an isentropic expansion model and simultaneously solve the temperature with the pressure and leakage flow rate.…”

Section: Leakage Process Of the Ngl Tankmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distance between the actual (n k+1 ) and calculated (n k+1 cal ) number of NGL moles in the tank is used to modify the P k+1 in , given by Equation (37). It is shown that P k+1 in increases if n k+1 cal < n k+1 and conversely, P k+1 in decreases if n k+1 cal > n k+1 .…”

Section: The Tank Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determine the outlet pressure Stop Start Set estimated and using Equations (34) and (35) Calculate using Equation (42) Update , sequential using Equations (37) and (26) Set time interval Δt according to Equation (31) Calculate from Equation (29) …”

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Modeling of the Two-Phase Leakage Process of Natural Gas Liquid Storage Tanks

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:The leakage process simulation of a Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) storage tank requires the simultaneous solution of the NGL's pressure, temperature and phase state in the tank and across the leak hole. The methods available in the literature rarely consider the liquid/vapor phase transition of the NGL during such a process. This paper provides a comprehensive pressure-temperature-phase state method to solve this problem. With this method, the phase state of the NGL is predicted by a thermodynamic model based on the volume translated Peng-Robinson equation of state (VTPR EOS). The tank's pressure and temperature are simulated according to the pressure-volume-temperature and isenthalpic expansion principles of the NGL. The pressure, temperature, leakage mass flow rate across the leak hole are calculated from an improved Homogeneous Non-Equilibrium Diener-Schmidt (HNE-DS) model and the isentropic expansion principle. In particular, the improved HNE-DS model removes the ideal gas assumption used in the original HNE-DS model by using a new compressibility factor developed from the VTPR EOS to replace the original one derived from the Clausius-Clayperon equation. Finally, a robust procedure of simultaneously solving the tank model and the leak hole model is proposed and the method is validated by experimental data. A variety of leakage cases demonstrates that this method is effective in simulating the dynamic leakage process of NGL tanks under critical and subcritical releasing conditions associated with vapor/liquid phase change.

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Section: Leakage Process Of the Ngl Tankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Tank Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Modeling of the Two-Phase Leakage Process of Natural Gas Liquid Storage Tanks

et al. 2017

Energies

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“…A classification of heavy gas dispersion models proposed was in the first article of this review [1], it can be treated as the extension of the classification proposed by the MEG (Major Evaluation Group) [2,3]. It takes also from other reviews [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Four main groups of models are given the following names: simple/empirical models, intermediate/integral and shallow layer models, advanced/Lagrangian particle trajectory and Lagrangian puff models, sophisticated/CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics) models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Models for the Atmospheric Dispersion of Heavy Gases. Part Ii. Model Quality Evaluation

Markiewicz¹

2013

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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This is the second paper of a two part review. In its first part mathematical models for atmospheric dispersion of heavy gases are classified and the distinguished groups of models are characterised. In this part procedures for the model quality evaluation are described and the main results of model evaluation exercises and databases with experimental data related to the subject are summarised. The quality of a model is clearly of great importance since the decisions concerning the safety of people, environment are based on model calculations. Attention is focused on activities carried out in the European Union countries and in the USA. These include the work of the groups of researchers called MEG, HGDEG, projects known under the names REDIPHEM, SMEDIS, DATABASE and the model evaluation exercise carried out by the Sigma Research Corporation.

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“…CFD simulations of pollutant dispersions in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) have been carried out in the past using the k-ε turbulence model with encouraging results both for neutrally buoyant pollutants [7] and for heavy gas dispersion processes [8][9][10]. Koopman and Ermak [11] reported a comprehensive review of the methodologies available to describe the dispersion of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the ABL and stated that "Navier-Stokes models provide the most complete description of the flow and dispersion of cold, denser than air cloud in the atmosphere and are well suited for ... dispersion simulations over complex terrain".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation of dense cloud dispersion in urban areas by means of computational fluid dynamics

Scargiali

Grisafi

Busciglio

et al. 2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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a b s t r a c tThe formation of toxic heavy clouds as a result of sudden accidental releases from mobile containers, such as road tankers or railway tank cars, may occur inside urban areas so the problem arises of their consequences evaluation.Due to the semi-confined nature of the dispersion site simplified models may often be inappropriate.As an alternative, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has the potential to provide realistic simulations even for geometrically complex scenarios since the heavy gas dispersion process is described by basic conservation equations with a reduced number of approximations.In the present work a commercial general purpose CFD code (CFX 4.4 by Ansys ® ) is employed for the simulation of dense cloud dispersion in urban areas. The simulation strategy proposed involves a stationary pre-release flow field simulation followed by a dynamic after-release flow and concentration field simulations.In order to try a generalization of results, the computational domain is modeled as a simple network of straight roads with regularly distributed blocks mimicking the buildings. Results show that the presence of buildings lower concentration maxima and enlarge the side spread of the cloud. Dispersion dynamics is also found to be strongly affected by the quantity of heavy-gas released.

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On the application of computational fluid dynamics codes for liquefied natural gas dispersion

Cited by 84 publications

References 35 publications

Dynamic Modeling of the Two-Phase Leakage Process of Natural Gas Liquid Storage Tanks

Dynamic Modeling of the Two-Phase Leakage Process of Natural Gas Liquid Storage Tanks

A Review of Models for the Atmospheric Dispersion of Heavy Gases. Part Ii. Model Quality Evaluation

Modeling and simulation of dense cloud dispersion in urban areas by means of computational fluid dynamics

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