On the Area of Equilibrium Thermodynamics Application

Abstract

The paper addresses the applicability of equilibrium thermodynamics models and the expediency of their employment for analysis of non-equilibrium systems, first of all, when solving the applied computational problems of large dimensionality. A model of extreme intermediate states (MEIS) is suggested for such an analysis. The methods to include the constraints on chemical kinetics and transfer processes are discussed. These constraints are to be presented in a thermodynamic form, i.e. without time variable. The efficiency of the approach is illustrated with the examples of determining the maximum possible nitrogen oxide concentrations in combustion chambers of gas turbines and modeling the non-stationary flow distribution in multi-loop hydraulic networks.

On the Interrelations Between Kinetics and Thermodynamics as the Theories of Trajectories and States

“…Unlike the descriptions presented in (Kaganovich et al, 1993(Kaganovich et al, , 1995(Kaganovich et al, , 2007 here a new classification attribute (a form of extremality criterion which can be objective and subjective) will be added to the MEIS classification. The objective criterion is the one the system itself tends to observe under the set conditions of its change.…”

“…By the analogy with parametric models it is also possible to represent the MEIS of mechanisms of physicochemical processes that are mapped on a conditional graph (Kaganovich, 2011;Kaganovich et al, 1993Kaganovich et al, , 1995Kaganovich et al, , 2007Gorban et al, 2006) as those meeting the subjective and objective criteria. Each i-th branch of the conditional graph corresponds to the flows of matter, energy, charges that take part in the i-th stage of the overall process.…”

“…It resulted from extensive studies on the search for results of processes possible in the region of thermodynamic attainability t () Dy. A key component of these studies is an extension of the experience gained in the convex analysis of ideal systems (Van der Waals and Konstamm, 1936;Zeldovich, 1938;Gorban, 1984) to modeling of real ones (Antsiferov, 1991;Kaganovich et al, 1989Kaganovich et al, , 1993Kaganovich et al, , 1995Kaganovich et al, , 2007. They may include: an ideal (or real) gas phase, plasma, condensed substances, solutions and other components.…”

“…The first of them was eliminated by the two-stage technique for searching the extreme state ext x that was suggested by E.G. Antsiferov (Antsiferov, 1991;Kaganovich et al, 1993Kaganovich et al, , 1995Kaganovich et al, , 2006. Gx  containing this point.…”

Simulation of Stationary Regimes in Electric and Hydraulic Networks by Means of Nonlinear Programming

“…Логическим продолжением этих работ следует считать исследования, проводимые в настоящее время в Институте систем энергетики им. Л. А. Мелентьева СО РАН и направленные на решение спектра проблем неравновесной термодинамики со структурами, со-держащими неньютоновские жидкости и сложные гетерогенные системы [3], [4], [7], [12]. Тех-нологии термодинамического моделирования, базирующиеся на фундаментальных положениях второго закона термодинамики, определяющего универсальные принципы эволюции, равновесия и экстремальности, получили развитие и применяются для исследования свойств замкнутых и открытых систем, обратимых и необратимых процессов и явлений, связанных с переносом раз-личных веществ, энергии и электрических зарядов в диссипативных макроскопических системах.…”