On the basis of a previously proposed mechanism of neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting in the Standard Model, which is Lorentz and SU(2) × U (1) invariant but non-local to evade the CPT theorem, we discuss the possible implications of neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting on neutrino physics and baryogenesis. It is shown that non-locality within a distance scale of the Planck length, that may not be fatal to unitarity in a generic effective theory, can generate the neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting of the order of the observed neutrino mass differences, which is tested in oscillation experiments, and a nonnegligible baryon asymmetry depending on the estimate of sphaleron dynamics. The one-loop order induced electron-positron mass splitting in the Standard Model is shown to be finite and estimated at ∼10 −20 eV, well below the experimental bound <10 −2 eV. The induced CPT violation in the K -meson in the Standard Model is expected to be even smaller and well below the experimental bound |m K − mK | < 0.44 × 10 −18 GeV.