On the association between outdoor PM2.5 concentration and the seasonality of tuberculosis for Beijing and Hong Kong

You, Siming; Tong, Yen Wah; Neoh, K. G.; Dai, Yanjun; Wang, Chi-Hwa

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.071

Cited by 91 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In addition, the diagnosis and reporting of TB also require times that can cause a delay. Thus, if the increased concentration of ambient air pollutants contributes to TB, extra time is required for an infected individual to develop active disease, be diagnosed, and finally be reported by a health care institution (Murray et al, 2011;You et al, 2016). This type of lag was assumed to be over 2 months because the median time interval between infection and active disease was 7 weeks (Naranbat et al, 2009).…”

Section: Statistics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on the risk of active tuberculosis

Mao

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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To explore the long-term effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on the risk of active tuberculosis (TB). Methods: We constructed a distributed-lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to evaluate the relatively long-term influence of outdoor PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 and NO 2 exposure on active TB risk in the city of Lianyungang in Jiangsu Province, China. Results: There were 7,282 TB cases reported in the study area during 2014-2017, with annual median (interquartile range) concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 and NO 2 at 45.86 (34.57-64.14) mg/m 3 , 85.43 (62.86-116.14) mg/m 3 , 22.00 (15.71-30.86) mg/m 3 and 30.00 (23.29-38.57) mg/m 3 , respectively. The single-pollutant model showed that for each 10 mg/m 3 increase in concentration, the cumulative relative risk of TB was 1.12 (lag 0-24 weeks, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22) for PM 2.5 with reference to 35 mg/m 3 ; 1.11 (lag 0-21 weeks, 95% CI: 1.06-1.17) for PM 10 with reference to 70 mg/m 3 ; 1.37 (lag 0-20 weeks, 95% CI: 1.16-1.62) for SO 2 with reference to 60 mg/m 3 ; and 1.29 (lag 0-22 weeks, 95% CI: 1.11-1.49) for NO 2 with reference to 40 mg/m 3. In the multipollutant model considering both PM 10 and NO 2 , the association remained significant. Conclusions: Our results revealed a potential association between outdoor exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , and NO 2 and active TB. Considering that people from developing countries continue to be exposed to both severe outdoor air pollution and high rates of latent TB infection, the association between worsening air pollution and active TB deserves further attention.

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Section: Statistics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on the risk of active tuberculosis

Mao

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…We found hours of sunlight, absolute humidity and average temperature were significantly associated with TB incidence at a lag of six months. The association between sunlight and TB incidence with a lag of six months, was similarly demonstrated in studies from the UK, China, and Peru (13,15,16). To…”

Section: Mixed-effect Linear Model: Association Between Explanatory Vmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…A study from Wingfield et al in Peru demonstrated a mid-winter peak in Vitamin D deficiency followed by a peak in tuberculin skin test positivity 6 weeks later and a peak in symptoms 9 weeks after that. (13) There have been few environmental epidemiological studies analyzing the seasonality of TB with respect to climate variables, but when hours of sunlight were included in the analysis, most showed a clear association (8,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does sunlight drive seasonality of TB in Vietnam? A retrospective environmental ecological study of Tuberculosis seasonality in Vietnam from 2010-2015

Bonell

Contamin²,

Thái

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health burden, with an estimated quarter of the world’s population being infected. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the “End TB Strategy” in 2014 emphasising knowing the epidemic. WHO ranks Vietnam 12 th in the world of high burden countries. TB spatial and temporal patterns have been observed globally with evidence of Vitamin D playing a role in seasonality. We explored the presence of temporal and spatial clustering of TB in Vietnam and their determinants to aid public health measures. Methods: Data were collected by the National TB program of Vietnam from 2010-2015 and linked to the following datasets: socio-demographic characteristics; climatic variables; influenza-like-illness (ILI) incidence; geospatial data. The TB dataset was aggregated by province and quarter. Descriptive time series analyses using LOESS regression were completed per province to determine seasonality and trend. Harmonic regression was used to determine the amplitude of seasonality by province. A mixed-effect linear model was used with province and year as random effects and all other variables as fixed effects. Results: There were 610,676 cases of TB notified between 2010-2015 in Vietnam. Heat maps of TB incidence per quarter per province showed substantial temporal and geospatial variation. Time series analysis demonstrated seasonality throughout the country, with peaks in spring/summer and troughs in autumn/winter. Incidence was consistently higher in the south, the three provinces with the highest incidence per 100,000 population were Tay Ninh, An Giang and Ho Chi Minh City. However, relative seasonal amplitude was more pronounced in the north. Mixed-effect linear model confirmed that TB incidence was associated with time and latitude. Of the demographic, socio-economic and health related variables, population density, percentage of those under 15 years of age, and HIV infection prevalence per province were associated with TB incidence. Of the climate variables, absolute humidity, average temperature and sunlight were associated with TB incidence. Conclusion : Preventative public health measures should be focused in the south of Viet Nam where incidence is highest. Vitamin D is unlikely to be a strong driver of seasonality but supplementation may play a role in a package of interventions.

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“…The decentralized application of the gasification technology in modern cities means the proximity of gasification systems to the public and residential communities. This imposes strict requirements on its emission control and management because elevated outdoor particle concentrations pose a potential health concern, especially for fine particles such as PM 2.5 that could penetrate deeply into the human respiratory system (Happo et al, 2013;Jalava et al, 2012;Moller and Loft, 2010;Naeher et al, 2007;You et al, 2016a). Our recent study also showed that elevated outdoor PM 2.5 may lead to increased household energy use and corresponding household carbon footprint by changing the energy utilization mode (e.g., more air-conditioner and purifier use) (You et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate emission from the gasification and pyrolysis of biomass: Concentration, size distributions, respiratory deposition-based control measure evaluation

Yao

You

Dai

et al. 2018

Environmental Pollution

Self Cite

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Gasification and pyrolysis technologies have been widely employed to produce fuels and chemicals from solid wastes. Rare studies have been conducted to compare the particulate emissions from gasification and pyrolysis, and relevant inhalation exposure assessment is still lacking. In this work, we characterized the particles emitted from the gasification and pyrolysis experiments under different temperatures (500, 600, and 700 °C). The collection efficiencies of existing cyclones were compared based on particle respiratory deposition. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the most effective design parameters. The particles emitted from both gasification and pyrolysis process are mainly in the size range 0.25-1.0 μm and 1.0-2.5 μm. Particle respiratory deposition modelling showed that most particles penetrate deeply into the last stage of the respiratory system. At the nasal breathing mode, particles with sizes ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 μm account for around 91%, 74%, 76%, 90%, 84%, and 79% of the total number of particles that deposit onto the last stage in the cases of 500 °C gasification, 600 °C gasification, 700 °C gasification, 500 °C pyrolysis, 600 °C pyrolysis, and 700 °C pyrolysis, respectively. At the oral breathing mode, particles with sizes ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 μm account for around 92%, 77%, 79%, 91%, 86%, and 81% of the total number of particles that deposit onto the last stage in the six cases, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that the particle removal efficiency was found to be most sensitive to the cyclone vortex finder diameter (D). This work could potentially serve as the basis for proposing health protective measures against the particulate pollution from gasification and pyrolysis technologies.

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On the association between outdoor PM2.5 concentration and the seasonality of tuberculosis for Beijing and Hong Kong

Abstract: 31Tuberculosis (TB) is still a serious public health problem in various countries. One of the long-

Cited by 91 publications

References 52 publications

Long-term effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on the risk of active tuberculosis

Long-term effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on the risk of active tuberculosis

Does sunlight drive seasonality of TB in Vietnam? A retrospective environmental ecological study of Tuberculosis seasonality in Vietnam from 2010-2015

Particulate emission from the gasification and pyrolysis of biomass: Concentration, size distributions, respiratory deposition-based control measure evaluation

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