On the Benefits of Using Object-Oriented Programming for the Objective Evaluation of Vehicle Dynamic Performance in Concurrent Simulations

Abstract

Assessing passenger cars’ dynamic performance is a critical aspect for car industries, due to its impact on the overall vehicle safety evaluation and the subjective nature of the involved handling and comfort metrics. Accordingly, ISO standards, such as ISO 4138 and ISO 3888, define several specific driving tests to assess vehicle dynamics performance objectively. Consequently, proper evaluation of the dynamic behaviour requires measuring several physical quantities, including accelerations, speed, and linear and angular displacements obtained after instrumenting a vehicle with multiple sensors. This experimental activity is highly demanding in terms of hardware costs, and it is also significantly time-consuming. Several approaches can be considered for reducing vehicle development time. In particular, simulation software can be exploited to predict the approximate behaviour of a vehicle using virtual scenarios. Moreover, motion platforms and detail-scalable numerical vehicle models are widely implemented for the purpose. This paper focuses on a customized simulation environment developed in C++, which exploits the advantages of object-oriented programming. The presented framework strives to perform concurrent simulations of vehicles with different characteristics such as mass, tyres, engine, suspension, and transmission systems. Within the proposed simulation framework, we adopted a hierarchical and modular representation. Vehicles are modelled by a 14 degree-of-freedom (DOF) full-vehicle model, capable of capturing the dynamics and complemented by a set of scalable-detail models for the remaining sub-systems such as tyre, engine, and steering system. Furthermore, this paper proposes the usage of autonomous virtual drivers for a more objective evaluation of vehicle dynamic performances. Moreover, to further evaluate our simulator architecture’s efficiency and assess the achieved level of concurrency, we designed a benchmark able to analyse the scaling of the performances with respect to the number of different vehicles during the same simulation. Finally, the paper reports the proposed simulation environment’s scalability resulting from a set of different and varying driving scenarios.

Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Jual Beli Pisang Pada UKM Kampung Cau Padjadjaran Jawa Barat

“…Perancangan aplikasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Object Oriented Programming (OOP), dimana setiap fungsi dan prosedur yang ada dalam aplikasi digambarkan sebagai sebuah objek [18]. OOP digunakan untuk mempermudah pengembangan aplikasi dengan menggunakan model yang sejalan dengan objek yang telah ada dalam kehidupan seharihari, sehingga setiap bagian dari aplikasi adalah objek yang berasal dari pengelompokan objek-objek lain yang lebih kecil [19].…”

Haptic Devices Based on Real-Time Dynamic Models of Multibody Systems

“…The dynamic models obtained from the above symbolic multibody approach represent the key ingredient of our haptic device framework. Various competing-or even complementary-approaches can be used to reduce the computational complexity of the model, e.g., via deep learning techniques [31] or to make the most of object-oriented languages [32] and parallel programming [33]. Some results are promising but currently remain limited to rather simple MBS [31].…”

“…Using a real-time multibody model including all the suitable physical parameters, allows to deal with the highly dynamics effects of a vehicle behavior. To analyze the dynamic performances of a vehicle, other approaches consider for example object-oriented programming of autonomous virtual drivers [ 32 ], instead of a real human. A prototype has been built that aims at reproducing the handling torque feedback in the steering wheel.…”

Active suspension for all-terrain vehicle with intelligent control using artificial neural networks

“…The NAC effectively handled car-road stability, ride comfort, and safe suspension travel compared to previous studies. Perrelli et al [16] emphasized the importance of assessing the dynamic performance of passenger cars in the automotive industry for safety evaluation and handling/comfort metrics. They discussed the use of simulation software to predict a vehicle's behavior using virtual scenarios, which can reduce development time compared to costly and time-consuming experimental activities.…”