On the body outgrowths and the phenomenon of ‘sweating’ in the nymphal instars of Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Livingstone, David

doi:10.1080/00222937800770251

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…14.7 ). Some of these cuticular structures present glandular activity, secreting chemical compounds that are related to osmoregulatory functions (Livingstone 1978 ) and sensorial functions (Aldrich et al 1991 ) or have defensive properties (Mason et al 1991 ;Scholze 1992 ). These structures have been described for species of several genera and are a reliable source of taxonomic characters (Guilbert 2004a(Guilbert , 2005Lee 1969 ).…”

Section: Nymph Development and Maternal Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Lace Bugs (Tingidae)

Guidoti

Montemayor

Guilbert

2015

Entomology in Focus

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The members of the Tingidae family are commonly known as "lace bugs" because of the lacelike appearance of their pronotum and hemelytra. The family is distributed worldwide and is constituted by three subfamilies, Tinginae, Cantacaderinae, and Vianaidinae; all of them represented in the Neotropical Region being the last one endemic of this region. There are around 300 genera and 2,500 species in this family, but for the Neotropical Region, there are known approximately 70 genera and 600 species; most of them belong to the subfamily Tinginae. All lace bugs are phytophagous and host specifi c, with a few exceptions. Among them, there are some that have economic importance as crop pests and others that are useful for controlling harmful weeds in fi eld crops. Herein we characterize and diagnose the family, we mention some of the most relevant aspects of their biology and ecology, and we provide a summary of its taxonomy with some comments about its phylogeny. The economically most relevant species of the Neotropical Region are listed; for all of them, we provide information about their host plants, distributions, and related literature. We also developed a key to the most economically important Neotropical genera.

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Section: Nymph Development and Maternal Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Lace Bugs (Tingidae)

Guidoti

Montemayor

Guilbert

2015

Entomology in Focus

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“…Occurrence of only four insrars in Tanybyrsa cumberi, as reported by May (1977), appears to be a unique phenomenon among tingidae. The classification of the cuticular and body outgrowths of the nymphal instars is according to Livingstone (1978). The morphometric analysis of the nymphal instars (table 2) indicates that there is rapid growth in the length of body, head and antennae in the 5th instar when compared with the rest of stages.…”

Section: Nymphal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional anatomy of the egg and the nymphal morphology of the teak tingid:Pontanm pueritis Drake and Poor (Heteroptera: Tingidae)

1981

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The functional anatomy of the egg and the nymphal morphology of the teak tingid, Pontanus puerilis Drake and Poor have been described. The outer surface of the exochorionic collar presents a series of serrations which serve to grip the plant tissue firmly. The principal and accessory aeropyles with their extension canals and the so-called ••micro pyles " all serve the purpose of respiration. The length of the column varies in accordance with the length of the exochorionic collar and on that basis two types of eggs of P. puerilis have been recognised, viz., short operculate eggs that are deposited during the months of August-October and long operculate eggs, deposited during February, Total cessation of growth of the marginal tubercle of the metathorax ; translocation of the meso and meta thoracic and 2nd abdominal tubercles on to the wing pads and the disappearance of the 3rd abdominal marginal tubercles in the 5th instar nymph are significant features.

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“…Scholze (1992) distinguished two categories. The first, similar to the first category of Livingstone (1978), consists of tubercles as evaginations of the entire integument; and a second, grouping two categories defined by Livingstone (1978), comprised processes as developments of the cuticle. Both have very diverse shapes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Do larvae evolve the same way as adults in Tingidae (Insecta: Heteroptera)?

Guilbert

2004

Cladistics

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A recent cladistic analysis showed that adult traits of Tingidae, which exhibit a great variety of shapes, evolved homoplastically from simple to complex (Guilbert, 2001). These complex traits, often exaggerated, were hypothesized to be adaptive. However, this study, as well as another by Lis (1999), both based on adult morphology, contradict the traditional classification of Tingidae. A new analysis is performed here, that includes larval characters, which, like those of adults, have a great variety of shapes. The results corroborate the traditional classification of the Tingidae. No clear divisions among Tinginae are drawn from the analysis, but an evolutionary pattern of shapes among Tingidae emerges from this study. There is a global tendency for larval traits to evolve convergently from simple to complex, as suggested for adults. The pattern seen in adult and larval traits is independent, but consistent. These traits can be used in the same anti-predation context, but with different roles.

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On the body outgrowths and the phenomenon of ‘sweating’ in the nymphal instars of Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Lace Bugs (Tingidae)

Lace Bugs (Tingidae)

Functional anatomy of the egg and the nymphal morphology of the teak tingid:Pontanm pueritis Drake and Poor (Heteroptera: Tingidae)

Do larvae evolve the same way as adults in Tingidae (Insecta: Heteroptera)?

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