“…In more than a year past I have recognised the numerous advantages that would flow from the discovery of a substance which, when applied to the conjunctiva, should produce effects directly opposite to those well known from belladonna or atropine, which should stimulate the muscle of accommodation and the sphincter pupillae as the above named remedies paralyze them [2]. Physostigmine, he found, acts not by paralysing the radiating fibres of the iris but by stimulating the circular fibres [2].…”
Section: Institutes Of Medicinementioning
confidence: 97%
“…Physostigmine, he found, acts not by paralysing the radiating fibres of the iris but by stimulating the circular fibres [2].…”
Douglas Argyll Robertson's (1837-1909) experimental work with physostigmine in 1863 sharpened his knowledge of the innervation of the internal muscles of the eye. So he was ideally prepared in 1869 to analyse the conundrum when he saw patients with spinal cord disease who had lost the response to light even though accommodation to near objects was normal. By translating his knowledge of basic science to a clinical problem he drew attention to this phenomenon, known subsequently as the Argyll Robertson pupil that came to be considered pathognomonic of tabes dorsalis, general paresis and neurovascular syphilis.
“…In more than a year past I have recognised the numerous advantages that would flow from the discovery of a substance which, when applied to the conjunctiva, should produce effects directly opposite to those well known from belladonna or atropine, which should stimulate the muscle of accommodation and the sphincter pupillae as the above named remedies paralyze them [2]. Physostigmine, he found, acts not by paralysing the radiating fibres of the iris but by stimulating the circular fibres [2].…”
Section: Institutes Of Medicinementioning
confidence: 97%
“…Physostigmine, he found, acts not by paralysing the radiating fibres of the iris but by stimulating the circular fibres [2].…”
Douglas Argyll Robertson's (1837-1909) experimental work with physostigmine in 1863 sharpened his knowledge of the innervation of the internal muscles of the eye. So he was ideally prepared in 1869 to analyse the conundrum when he saw patients with spinal cord disease who had lost the response to light even though accommodation to near objects was normal. By translating his knowledge of basic science to a clinical problem he drew attention to this phenomenon, known subsequently as the Argyll Robertson pupil that came to be considered pathognomonic of tabes dorsalis, general paresis and neurovascular syphilis.
“…And Christison, Thomas Fraser, Christison's successor to the Edinburgh chair, and Alexander Robertson provided additional data as to the actions of the bean, including respiratory depression, skeletal muscle effects terminating in paralysis, miosis and intestinal hyperactivity (they advocated using the bean in the treatment of cholera). Indeed, Robertson (1863) discovered the use of the bean as extract in ophthalmology, as the antagonist of atropinic mydriasis. And Fraser described the use of the bean extract as an antagonist of strychnine-induced seizures 8 .…”
Section: The Early Story Of Pharmacologically Active Alkaloids and Ofmentioning
This review of the studies of the muscarinic receptors, their synaptic activities and their functional and behavioral roles will begin with the history of the research of the autonomic and central nervous systems and their transmitters, the development of the notion of the receptor, and the tale of the significance of muscarine and other alkaloids as well as of organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterases for these studies; we will then segue into the modern status of muscarinic receptors and of their functional and behavioral expression.
“…Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson (Fig. 1 ) was a surgeon–oculist who contributed to the development of neurology by describing Argyll Robertsons pupil [ 1 , 2 ] and discovering the effects of the Calabar bean ( Physostigma venenosum ) [ 3 ]. Fig.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 1863 in the Edinburgh Medical Journal [ 3 ] Argyll Robertson reported the ocular effects of the Calabar bean ( Physostigma venenosum ) which is the seed of a leguminous plant found in Calabar, in the eastern region of Nigeria. A solution of the seed extract was used by the natives for judicial execution.…”
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