“…Advantages of PPN are a) simplicity for not requiring a separate training phase for tuning network weights based on some learning rule and b) efficiency [35,93]. As such in recent years PNN has been used in a large number of applications such as seismic engineering [13], hydrology [86],ocean engineering [50],image processing [65,82], EEG, EKG, and other biomedical data analysis [58,[88][89][90]96], power engineering [28,57,73,87], and transportation engineering [61].…”