On the Challenges of Applying Selective Encryption on Region-of-Interest in H.264 Video Coding

Choi, Su-Gil; Kim, Geonwoo; Han, Jinsoo

doi:10.1109/csa.2009.5404257

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The weak scrambling effect of SNC As mentioned in Section 1, most previous scrambling based methods for privacy region protection [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] only involve encryption of the SNC. However, on its own, this technique cannot provide a strong scrambling effect.…”

Section: Encrypting the Intra Prediction Modes In The Privacy Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Choi et al [25] discussed the drift error that occurs when applying SNC to privacy region protection in H.264/ AVC. In order to prevent drift error due to intra prediction, the intra prediction modes of blocks to the right and bottom of the privacy region are modified to exclude prediction from the privacy region.…”

Section: Review Of Existing Work On Removing Drift Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there has been research [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] carried out to protect the private content in a video by applying selective encryption to the privacy region only. Selective encryption techniques are well studied [26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Scrambling Based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the region of interest in a video is defined as the face, or a moving object, and it only occupies a relatively low percentage of the overall frame [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Further more, there always exists a smallest rectangle in a frame to cover the privacy region.…”

Section: The Spiral Binary Maskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRIP was proposed separately by Tong et al [23] and Choi et al [25]. In H.264/AVC, an intra encoded macroblock may be encoded into the intra 4 Â 4 prediction mode or the intra 16 Â 16 prediction mode.…”

Section: Mode Restricted Intra Prediction (Mrip)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Privacy region protection for H.264/AVC with enhanced scrambling effect and a low bitrate overhead

Wang

O’Neill

Kurugöllü

et al. 2015

Signal Processing: Image Communication

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a b s t r a c tWhile video surveillance systems have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, they have introduced concerns over privacy invasion. Recent research to address these privacy issues includes a focus on privacy region protection, whereby existing video scrambling techniques are applied to specific regions of interest (ROI) in a video while the background is left unchanged. Most previous work in this area has only focussed on encrypting the sign bits of nonzero coefficients in the privacy region, which produces a relatively weak scrambling effect. In this paper, to enhance the scrambling effect for privacy protection, it is proposed to encrypt the intra prediction modes (IPM) in addition to the sign bits of nonzero coefficients (SNC) within the privacy region. A major issue with utilising encryption of IPM is that drift error is introduced outside the region of interest. Therefore, a re-encoding method, which is integrated with the encryption of IPM, is also proposed to remove drift error. Compared with a previous technique that uses encryption of IPM, the proposed re-encoding method offers savings in the bitrate overhead while completely removing the drift error. Experimental results and analysis based on H.264/AVC were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. In addition, a spiral binary mask mechanism is proposed that can reduce the bitrate overhead incurred by flagging the position of the privacy region. A definition of the syntax structure for the spiral binary mask is given. As a result of the proposed techniques, the privacy regions in a video sequence can be effectively protected by the enhanced scrambling effect with no drift error and a lower bitrate overhead.

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