On the characterization and spinning of an organic‐purified lignin toward the manufacture of low‐cost carbon fiber

Baker, Darren A.; Gallego, Nidia C.; Baker, Frederick S

doi:10.1002/app.33596

Cited by 231 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

180

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Different types of lignin precursors have been explored to produce carbon fibers, and most of these studies involved melt-spinning of a fusible lignin, which possessed a low enough softening temperature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. On the other hand, the normally low glass transition temperatures (Tg) of such lignin precursors required a slow heating rate to achieve crosslinking without fibers becoming tacky.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A heating rate below 0.2 °C/min for Alcell lignin fibers was needed to prevent the fibers from fusing together [5]. Also, in a study reported by Baker et al, an organic purified lignin even required a heating rate as low as 0.01 °C/min to crosslink [9]. Organosolv lignin is readily processed compared with other lignin precursors due to its low Tg and stable melt viscosity imparted by substituents, but it lacks the ability to crosslink rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon Fibers from UV-Assisted Stabilization of Lignin-Based Precursors

Zhang

Jin

Ogale

2015

Fibers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Production of high strength carbon fibers from bio-derived precursors is of topical interest. Recently, we reported on dry-spinning of a partially acetylated softwood kraft lignin to produce carbon fibers with superior properties, but the thermo-oxidative stabilization step required a long time due to a slow heating rate needed to prevent the fibers from being heated too rapidly and sticking to each other. Here we report a rapid strategy of dual UV-thermoxidative stabilization (crosslinking) of dry-spun lignin fibers that significantly reduces the stabilization time. The fibers undergo reaction close to the surface such that they can be subsequently thermally stabilized at a rapid heating rate without fibers fusing together, which reduces the total stabilization time significantly from 40 to 4 h. Consequently, the glass transition temperature of UV irradiated fibers was about 15 °C higher than that of fibers without UV treatment. Stabilized fibers were successfully carbonized at 1000 °C and resulting carbon fibers displayed a tensile strength of 900 ± 100 MPa, which is amongst the highest reported for carbon fibers derived from softwood lignin-based precursors. These results establish that UV irradiation is a rapid step that can effectively shorten the total stabilization time for production of lignin-derived carbon fibers.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Fibers from UV-Assisted Stabilization of Lignin-Based Precursors

Zhang

Jin

Ogale

2015

Fibers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…36 Researchers are also investigating first spinning lignin-based fibers followed by carbonization to create single CNFs. 37 Lignin-based CNFs seem to be promising and may play a role in the lignin valorization needed to achieve economic selfsustainability in biorefineries.…”

Section: Wood-based Activated Carbon and Carbon Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Just Lumber—Using Wood in the Sustainable Future of Materials, Chemicals, and Fuels

Jakes

Arzola-Villegas

Bergman

et al. 2016

JOM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forest-derived biomaterials can play an integral role in a sustainable and renewable future. Research across a range of disciplines is required to develop the knowledge necessary to overcome the challenges of incorporating more renewable forest resources in materials, chemicals, and fuels. We focus on wood specifically because in our view, better characterization of wood as a raw material and as a feedstock will lead to its increased utilization. We first give an overview of wood structure and chemical composition and then highlight current topics in forest products research, including (1) industrial chemicals, biofuels, and energy from woody materials; (2) wood-based activated carbon and carbon nanostructures; (3) development of improved wood protection treatments; (4) massive timber construction; (5) wood as a bioinspiring material; and (6) atomic simulations of wood polymers. We conclude with a discussion of the sustainability of wood as a renewable forest resource. WOOD'S 390 MILLIONTH BIRTHDAYWood is one of the major innovations of land plants ''invented'' some 390 million years ago. Wood enabled individual plants to increase their stature and persistence in the environment, facilitating the ability of trees to play roles in landscape change and biome composition and to fundamentally alter the global cycling of water, minerals, and carbon. Since prehistoric times, humans have found wood invaluable for meeting many of their needs, including energy, tools, and shelter-not surprising given its near-ubiquity, versatility, and renewability. Only in the comparatively recent past have other nonrenewable natural resources, such as fossil fuels or metal ores, become the resources of choice to meet our material needs. We postulate that wood will play an increasing role in the sustainability of our future materials through both expansion of uses for current forest products and development of alternatives to materials currently derived from nonrenewable resources. Life cycle assessments, which categorize energy consumption and emission profiles for products over their whole life cycle, 1,2 consistently show that many wood-based materials use less fossil fuels to produce than do competing materials.3,4 Using wood products can also lower atmospheric carbon dioxide levels because growing forests capture carbon and harvested wood products store the accumulated carbon while in service.Historically, wood research has been the purview of wood technologists; however, we see the future of wood research as interdisciplinary, collaborative, quantitative, and meaningful, both scientifically

show abstract

“…In polymer blending systems, lignin generally increases the modulus and cold crystallization temperature, but it decreases the melt temperature (Doherty et al 2011). Recently, Baker et al (2012) developed kraft lignin-based CFs by using an organic solvent purification system applied to hardwood kraft lignins.…”

Section: Technical Lignins Are Divided Into Two Categories (El Mansoumentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Melting of Lignin Derivatives Prepared from Dried Black Liquor Powder of Softwood Soda-AQ Cooking and Polyethylene Glycol

Yoon¹,

Takahashi²,

Nge³

et al. 2014

BioResources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Softwood lignin prepared by soda-anthraquinone (AQ) cooking does not have thermal melting characteristics. To improve the properties of softwood soda-AQ lignin, we have invented a new method of lignin modification using dried black liquor powder by a spray dryer system and polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this process, black liquor powder was directly treated with PEG under alkaline conditions to produce PEGmodified lignin (alkaline PEG treatment). Dried black liquor powder prepared by a spray dryer was dissolved into PEG and heated at either 120 or 160 °C at atmospheric pressure. The modified lignin (alkaline PEGtreated lignin) was precipitated with acid and recovered by filtration. The alkaline PEG-treated lignin showed adequate thermal melting characteristics. The treatment temperature and the molecular weights of PEG considerably affected the thermal properties of the alkaline PEGtreated lignin. There was an addition reaction of the PEG to the lignin hydroxyl group at the alpha-(-) carbon. However, in the acid precipitation step, if the mixture was allowed to set unfiltered for a long time, the PEG bonded with the lignin was hydrolyzed, which yielded the original soda-AQ lignin and PEG polymer.

show abstract

On the characterization and spinning of an organic‐purified lignin toward the manufacture of low‐cost carbon fiber

Cited by 231 publications

References 12 publications

Carbon Fibers from UV-Assisted Stabilization of Lignin-Based Precursors

Carbon Fibers from UV-Assisted Stabilization of Lignin-Based Precursors

Not Just Lumber—Using Wood in the Sustainable Future of Materials, Chemicals, and Fuels

Thermal Melting of Lignin Derivatives Prepared from Dried Black Liquor Powder of Softwood Soda-AQ Cooking and Polyethylene Glycol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About