On The Chemical Composition and Origin of Engine Deposits

Siegl, Walter O.; Zinbo, M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2469-0_5

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Federal Tier I light-duty vehicles, which phased into use starting in 1994, must meet a 0.080 g/mi standard for the first 50 000 mi or a 0.10 g/mi standard for 100 000 mi. Recent data (7)(8)(9) indicate that properly functioning light-duty gasoline vehicles manufactured between 1986 and 1990 have particulate matter emission rates lower than 0.010 g/mi. These vehicles were obtained from manufacturers' fleets with odometer readings ranging from 6000 to 35 000 miles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Emission Rates from In-Use High-Emitting Vehicles Recruited in Orange County, California

Cadle¹,

Mulawa²,

Ball

et al. 1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

111

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One hundred three in-use vehicles identified as high hydrocarbon and/or carbon monoxide emitters by remote sensing and roadside visual, underhood checks during a 1995 South Coast Air Quality Management District program were tested on the IM240 cycle using a transportable dynamometer. Seventy-one of these vehicles were repaired as part of the program and were retested. Seventeen vehicles in the fleet initially emitted visible smoke from the tailpipe and were classified as "smokers". The fleet ranged in age from 6 to 22 years, with a median age of 12.3 years. Exhaust HC, CO, NO x , and particulate emissions (PM-10) were measured. PM-10 mass and the elemental and carbonaceous composition of the particulate matter were determined. The average fleet PM-10 emission rate was 0.138 g/mi, while the average emission rate for smokers was 0.395 g/mi. It was concluded that the casual observation of smoking vehicles was not very successful in identifying high PM-10 emitting vehicles. The particulate matter composition was primarily carbonaceous, with a variable distribution between the elemental and organic carbon fractions, and showed no significant difference in the percent organic carbon fraction between smokers and non-smokers. The PM composition differed, on average, between pre-repair and post-repair samples. The effect of the California Smog Check repair program on PM emission rates could not be evaluated due to concerns regarding the effect of vehicle conditioning on these measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Emission Rates from In-Use High-Emitting Vehicles Recruited in Orange County, California

Cadle¹,

Mulawa²,

Ball

et al. 1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considerable information on deposit and sludge formation has evolved over the years, as a variety of hyphenated analytical techniques have been employed to understand the mechanism of deposit formation. Seigel et al studied valve deposits using a dual-gas thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and hyphenated infrared−gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Later, Ebert et al used various microanalytical methods such as TGA and micro-FTIR to evaluate piston and cylinder head deposits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Oxidation Kinetics of Base Oils Using a Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry Technique

1999

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This study was primarily conducted to explore the effect of molecular composition of a base oil matrix on the oxidation kinetics and the variation of different thermodynamic parameters during oxidation. Pressurized differential scanning calorimetry was used because the method is fairly straightforward and highly repeatable. NMR-derived structural parameters and chromatographic and mass spectral data were able to explain the variation in the results obtained. Kinetic parameters of various systems were derived based on peak temperature (K) and program rate (β) relationship. This methodology allowed calculation of the activation energy, rate constant, and half-life period of the various test samples under study. Variation in the results of the onset temperature (OT) and start temperature (ST) for different base oils are explained in terms of their molecular composition obtained from quantitative FT NMR studies.

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Exhaust Emission Deterioration and Combustion Chamber Deposit Composition Over the Life Cycle of Small Utility Engines

Caceres

Reisel

Sklyarov

et al. 2002

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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In this study, a laboratory test procedure to mimic the life cycle of the small air-cooled engines in field operation is developed. A characterization of exhaust emissions over the life cycle of the engines is achieved with special focus given to the hydrocarbon emissions. Both Briggs and Stratton four-stroke (four-cycle) overhead-valve and side-valve engines with a nominal power output of 3.7 kW (5 hp) are used in this study. Different levels of emissions are observed for each type of engine configuration, and it is noted that the hydrocarbon emissions changed more than CO or NOx emissions. These data support the idea that combustion chamber deposits (CCD) are a significant cause of deteriorating emissions. Chemical analysis techniques are applied to the CCD, and it is found that the deposits consist primarily of polynuclear aromatic compounds and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

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On The Chemical Composition and Origin of Engine Deposits

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Particulate Emission Rates from In-Use High-Emitting Vehicles Recruited in Orange County, California

Particulate Emission Rates from In-Use High-Emitting Vehicles Recruited in Orange County, California

Application of Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy to Oxidation Kinetics of Base Oils Using a Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry Technique

Exhaust Emission Deterioration and Combustion Chamber Deposit Composition Over the Life Cycle of Small Utility Engines

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