On the chemical nature of wet deposition over a major desiccated lake: Case study for Lake Urmia basin

Ahmady‐Birgani, Hesam; Ravan, Parisa; Schlosser, Joseph S.; Cuevas-Robles, Alberto; Aghdam, Mojtaba Azadi; Sorooshian, Armin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104762

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Documented values for other regions include the following with the caveat that time periods of analysis varied: 5.33–5.51 in Central California [ 9 ], 4.20–7.39 in India [ 116 ], 4.22–5.68 in Southeastern Brazil [ 117 ], 3.52–6.28 in South China [ 118 ], 5.71–7.11 in the Southeast Tibetan Plateau [ 119 ], and 3.8–6.8 in Eastern France [ 120 ]. Regions with the highest reported pH values typically were characterized by having high dust influence and thus carbonate bases such as CaCO 3 ([ 10 ]), including in Southwestern Iran (up to 7.38) [ 121 ] and Northwestern Iran (up to 8.6) [ 122 ], and the Central Himalayas (up to 6.50) [ 123 ]. In this work, the wet deposition pH did not exhibit a pH peak during the months with most dust influence in the summer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States

et al. 2020

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This study focuses on the long-term aerosol and precipitation chemistry measurements from colocated monitoring sites in Southern Florida between 2013 and 2018. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified six potential emission sources impacting the study area. The PMF model solution yielded the following source concentration profiles: (i) combustion; (ii) fresh sea salt; (iii) aged sea salt; (iv) secondary sulfate; (v) shipping emissions; and (vi) dust. Based on these results, concentration-weighted trajectory maps were developed to identify sources contributing to the PMF factors. Monthly mean precipitation pH values ranged from 4.98 to 5.58, being positively related to crustal species and negatively related to SO42−. Sea salt dominated wet deposition volume-weighted concentrations year-round without much variability in its mass fraction in contrast to stronger seasonal changes in PM2.5 composition where fresh sea salt was far less influential. The highest mean annual deposition fluxes were attributed to Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, and Na+ between April and October. Nitrate is strongly correlated with dust constituents (unlike sea salt) in precipitation samples, indicative of efficient partitioning to dust. Interrelationships between precipitation chemistry and aerosol species based on long-term surface data provide insight into aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States

et al. 2020

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“…The majority of particulate compounds emitted to the atmosphere or formed from chemical reactions have an atmospheric residence time typically ranging from 3 to 10 days depending on their size and composition (Andreae and Rosenfeld, 2008), with wet deposition being a primary sink for those that are soluble or non-volatile (Keene et al, 2015). Falling precipitation can also scavenge pollutants on the path towards the surface (Ahmady-Birgani et al, 2020;Chatterjee et al, 2010;MacDonald et al, 2018). Long-term global records of species from wet deposition provide insight into numerous phenomena such as acid rain (Likens and Bormann, 1974;Likens et al, 1972), improvements in air quality owing to regulatory activities (Feng et al, 2019;Keene et al, 2014), impacts on ecosystems such as fertilization and acidification of water bodies and soil and biodiversity reduction (Johansen et al, 2019;Likens, 2013), and deleterious impacts on public health (Likens, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting wet deposition composition between three diverse islands and coastal North American sites

Dadashazar

Hilario

et al. 2021

Atmospheric Environment

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This study examined spatial variations of precipitation accumulation and chemistry for six sites located on the West and East Coasts of the U.S., and one site each on the islands of Hawaii, Bermuda, and Luzon of the Philippines (specifically Manila). The nine coastal sites ranged widely in both mean annual precipitation accumulation, ranging from 40 cm (Mauna Loa, Hawaii) to 275 cm (Washington), and in terms of monthly profiles. The three island sites represented the extremes of differences in terms of chemical profiles, with Bermuda having the highest overall ion concentrations driven mainly by sea salt, Hawaii having the highest SO 4 2 − mass fractions due to the nearby influence of volcanic SO 2 emissions and mid-tropospheric transport of anthropogenic pollution, and Manila exhibiting the highest concentration of non-marine ions (NH 4 + non-sea salt[nss] SO 4 2 − , nss Ca 2+ , NO 3 − , nss K + , nss Na + , nss Mg 2+ ) linked to anthropogenic, biomass burning, and crustal emissions. The Manila site exhibited the most variability in composition throughout the year due to shifting wind directions and having diverse regional and local pollutant sources. In contrast to the three island sites, the North American continental sites exhibited less variability in precipitation composition with sea salt being the most abundant constituent followed by some

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“…In contrast, Ahmady‐Birgani et al. (2020) showed a high concentration of NO 2 − due to the heavy industrial activities in the east direction of the Lake Urmia basin. The results of the present study exhibit that the high concentration of NO 2 − in the east has experienced a decreasing trend to June.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Earlier works by Ahmady‐Birgani et al. (2020, 2021) and Ravan et al. (2019) reported elevated values of these elements and species in nearby locations to Lake Urmia (i.e., Golmankhaneh, Salmas, and Ashk Island).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The rainwater samples were collected in HDPE containers, and approximately 250 ml of rainwater equivalent to 8 mm precipitation was stored. Care was taken to collect the samples once the rain initiated to rain, as the concentration of aerosols and pollutants are in the highest quantity (Ahmady‐Birgani et al., 2020, 2021; Khan & Sarwar, 2014). Before sampling, the containers were rinsed with ultra‐pure water and positioned out away from buildings, animals, and all pollutant sources at the height of 1 m. Also, the containers were mounted out precisely at the beginning of rain events to avoid any possible contamination of dry deposition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wet Scavenging in Removing Chemical Compositions and Aerosols: A Case Study Over the Lake Urmia

et al. 2022

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Lake Urmia, NW Iran, and S Caucasus region, has lost approximately three‐fourth of its water volume resulting in increased exposure of lacustrine deposits. Therefore, the role of Lake Urmia desiccated saline lands on local aerosols and rainwater compositions is still vague. This study investigates the temporal and seasonal patterns of rainwater chemistry from January 2018 to June 2018 (six months) in 13 stations throughout the Lake Urmia basin. The samples collected were analyzed using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐QQQ) and ion chromatography (IC) to measure elemental and ionic concentrations. Then, the Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) was applied to identify the pathway and contribution of emissions. The results depict that the concentration of elemental and ionic components over different parts of the Lake Urmia basin are significantly different. West and north directions have the highest concentrations of marine ions associated with fewer toxic elements. In contrast, the east and south directions show a high concentration of heavy metal elements and ions. The high level of heavy and toxic elements at the east and south directions indicates that local anthropogenic sources are more influential. The seasonal and monthly variabilities of chemical compositions depict that the highest concentration of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Cl−, Br−, NO3−, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co were in the spring season and SO42−, NH4+ and NO2− were highest in winter. Seasonal variation for MSA, organic acids (i.e., Pyruvate, Adipate, and Oxalate), Ni, Cu, Zn, V, and Ti were not apparent. Cluster‐mean HYSPLIT backward trajectories results show the most dominant air mass sectors are from W (a: Iraq, Syria, and Arabian deserts; b: Mediterranean Sea; and c: KSA) and NE (the Caspian Sea and its vicinity), contributed to almost 65% and 22%, respectively. These air masses bring a significant quantity of crustal and marine aerosols, respectively. It is inferred that the Lake Urmia dried‐up lakebeds have less impact on the contribution of emissions across the region.

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On the chemical nature of wet deposition over a major desiccated lake: Case study for Lake Urmia basin

Cited by 43 publications

References 74 publications

Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States

Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States

Contrasting wet deposition composition between three diverse islands and coastal North American sites

Wet Scavenging in Removing Chemical Compositions and Aerosols: A Case Study Over the Lake Urmia

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