On the chequered history of vasectomy

Drake, Marcus; Mills, Ian W.; Cranston, David

doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00206.x

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is especially so when considering the crux of the Brock Report was to recommended the sterilization of 'mental defectives', persons with a transmissible physical disability and those likely to transmit a mental defect or disorder. 131 Indeed Macnicol has attributed a key reason for the failure of the report, and by extension Barnes' proposals, to the inability to 'produce convincing proof that mental deficiency was primarily inherited, and thus enlist a powerful lobby of public and "expert" support'. 132 Likewise, Gates admitted himself the limitations of the argument in the 'Inheritance of Mental Defect' stating that:…”

Section: Responses and Criticisms: A Debate On Negative Eugenicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘God and the Gene’: E.W. Barnes on Eugenics and Religion

Merricks

2012

Politics, Religion & Ideology

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Section: Responses and Criticisms: A Debate On Negative Eugenicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘God and the Gene’: E.W. Barnes on Eugenics and Religion

Merricks

2012

Politics, Religion & Ideology

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“…Vasectomy is a surgical technique where the vasa deferentia are divided and ligated with sutures or clips and/or electrocautery, with or without tissue interposition, thereby preventing the delivery of sperm through the vas into the ejaculate. Since 1830, when it was first performed, and through its progressive modifications as a procedure, vasectomy has become the most effective method of male contraception [ 1 ]. In many countries, it is the most common male contraception other than the use of condoms [ 2 3 ], and vasectomy has been reported to account for 5% to 10% of all contraceptive approaches used by couples worldwide [ 3 4 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Vasectomy Semen Analysis: Optimizing Laboratory Procedures and Test Interpretation through a Clinical Audit and Global Survey of Practices

Agarwal

Gupta

Sharma

et al. 2022

World J Mens Health

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Purpose The success of vasectomy is determined by the outcome of a post-vasectomy semen analysis (PVSA). This article describes a step-by-step procedure to perform PVSA accurately, report data from patients who underwent post vasectomy semen analysis between 2015 and 2021 experience, along with results from an international online survey on clinical practice. Materials and Methods We present a detailed step-by-step protocol for performing and interpretating PVSA testing, along with recommendations for proficiency testing, competency assessment for performing PVSA, and clinical and laboratory scenarios. Moreover, we conducted an analysis of 1,114 PVSA performed at the Cleveland Clinic’s Andrology Laboratory and an online survey to understand clinician responses to the PVSA results in various countries. Results Results from our clinical experience showed that 92.1% of patients passed PVSA, with 7.9% being further tested. A total of 78 experts from 19 countries participated in the survey, and the majority reported to use time from vasectomy rather than the number of ejaculations as criterion to request PVSA. A high percentage of responders reported permitting unprotected intercourse only if PVSA samples show azoospermia while, in the presence of few non-motile sperm, the majority of responders suggested using alternative contraception, followed by another PVSA. In the presence of motile sperm, the majority of participants asked for further PVSA testing. Repeat vasectomy was mainly recommended if motile sperm were observed after multiple PVSA’s. A large percentage reported to recommend a second PVSA due to the possibility of legal actions. Conclusions Our results highlighted varying clinical practices around the globe, with controversy over the significance of non-motile sperm in the PVSA sample. Our data suggest that less stringent AUA guidelines would help improve test compliance. A large longitudinal multi-center study would clarify various doubts related to timing and interpretation of PVSA and would also help us to understand, and perhaps predict, recanalization and the potential for future failure of a vasectomy.

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“…In the 1920s, vasectomy was performed to rejuvenate older and fatigued men, assumed to be a result of atrophy of seminiferous tubules followed presumably by hyperplasia of Leydig cells in the inter-tubular interstitium which would presumably increase testosterone secretion [1][2][3][4][5]. Since its widespread use as a contraceptive measure from the 1950s, however, vasectomy has been shown by most studies not to affect significantly the serum testosterone levels 1 week to 25 years after vasectomy in men [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stereological (Quantitative) Study of Leydig Cell Hyperplasia in Vasectomized Rabbit and Rat Testes

He¹,

Tu²,

Guo³

et al. 2021

IJCU

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It was speculated that vasectomy might induce hyperplasia of Leydig cells associated with atrophy of seminiferous tubules, but estimates of the Leydig cell number were lacking in previous studies. This study aimed to test the speculation by determining the numerical change of Leydig cells and other interstitial cells after a vasectomy that induced spermatogenic damage. Twelve adult Japanese white rabbits and twelve mature Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a unilateral vasectomy away from the scrotum. Six months (rabbits) or thirty-seven days (rats) postoperation, testes on both sides were removed and methacrylate sections prepared. The total numbers (per testis) of all nuclei in the testicular interstitial tissue were estimated with a stereological technique -the optical disector. The results showed that marked spermatogenic damage associated seminiferous tubular atrophy on the vasectomized side occurred in 7 (rabbits) or 5 (rats) of the 12 animals. For the rabbit, the total numbers of myoid cells or leukocytes on the vasectomized side (compared with the contralateral nonvasectomized side) were unchanged but those of Leydig cells and other interstitial cells increased significantly by 41% and 52%, respectively, (a) with the increase in the testis with spermatogenic damage appearing to be larger than that in the testis without spermatogenic damage and (b) without significant increase in the total volume of the interstitium. For the rat, there were no significant differences in the total numbers of any cell type. In conclusion, hyperplasia or hyperproliferation of the interstitial cells, which might be a result of increased intra-testicular pressure for long, was possible postvasectomy, but it might not be indicative of a better function of the cells.

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On the chequered history of vasectomy

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

‘God and the Gene’: E.W. Barnes on Eugenics and Religion

‘God and the Gene’: E.W. Barnes on Eugenics and Religion

Post-Vasectomy Semen Analysis: Optimizing Laboratory Procedures and Test Interpretation through a Clinical Audit and Global Survey of Practices

A Stereological (Quantitative) Study of Leydig Cell Hyperplasia in Vasectomized Rabbit and Rat Testes

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