On the CN production through a spark-plug discharge in air-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si10.svg"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>CO</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> mixture

Crispim, L.W.S.; Peters, Frauke; Amorim, J.; Hallak, Patrícia H.; Ballester, Maikel Y.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.11.043

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…All radical species on the right side of the Equation (18–29) were detected by plasma spectroscopy (Table 1). The reactions (4, 11, 13, 15, 26–29) use the generated radicals as reactants and generate further radicals and molecules which were also observed in this study (Caubet & Dorthe, 1994; Crispim et al., 2021; Itikawa, 2002; Janev & Reiter, 2002; Lowke et al., 1973; Woodall et al., 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Simulation of Venus Lightning‐I: Characterization of Free Radicals Generated in Venus Major Gas Mixture

Wang

Thimsen

et al. 2023

JGR Planets

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new Venus‐ESD‐Chamber (VEC) and peripheral systems were designed and built to simulate Venus lightning. It consists of three subsystems (a) electrostatic discharge (ESD) generation, (b) environmental pressure, temperature, gas composition control & monitoring, and (c) optical and non‐optical sensors. We conducted arc discharge experiments in air, in CO2, and in Venus major gas mixture (CO2‐N2, 96.5% ± 1.5%:3.5% ± 1.5%) under 10, 350, 700, and 1,000 mbar pressures, that correspond to the 50–75 km altitude range in the cloud layer of Venus. Plasma and Raman spectra, plus gas sensors, and GC‐MS were used to identify the ESD products and to semi‐quantify CO and O3 generated by ESD. We have found all species of free radicals that have been found in previous simulation studies using different discharge technologies, including some important species in CO2‐N2 system, nitrogen oxides and CN. In addition, we found three species (O3, N2+, and C2) that have not been previously reported. Our results suggest that electron flux and kinetic energy are the determining factors for the type of generated free radical species and gas pressure plays a less important role. We found that the quantity of CO changes with the type of ESD. The detection of O3 in this study suggests that lightning might be one of the sources of O3 observed in the Venusian atmosphere. OI emission line at 777.4 nm is the most prominent line in our plasma spectra of FD, consistent with the intense optical flash observed by the Lightning and Airglow Camera (LAC) on the Akatsuki mission.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Simulation of Venus Lightning‐I: Characterization of Free Radicals Generated in Venus Major Gas Mixture

Wang

Thimsen

et al. 2023

JGR Planets

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This assumption was necessary because of the lack of the OH cross section needed for its full implementation in the model. The kinetic coefficient of Equation ( 11) is set as constant value of 49.6847 m 3 /mol/s as reported in [30]. The kinetic coefficient of water vapor in Equation ( 12) is considered equal to the coefficient of radical hydrogen, based on [31].…”

Section: Extended Chemical Kernelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Evaluation of the Effect of Fuel Blending with CO2 and H2 on the Very Early Corona-Discharge Behavior in Spark Ignited Engines

Mariani

Civita

Pulga³

et al. 2022

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reducing green-house gases emission from light-duty vehicles is compulsory in order to slow down the climate change. The application of High Frequency Ignition systems based on the Corona discharge effect has shown the potential to extend the dilution limit of engine operating conditions promoting lower temperatures and faster combustion events, thus, higher thermal and indicating efficiency. Furthermore, predicting the behavior of Corona ignition devices against new sustainable fuel blends, including renewable hydrogen and biogas, is crucial in order to deal with the short-intermediate term fleet electric transition. The numerical evaluation of Corona-induced discharge radius and radical species under those conditions can be helpful in order to capture local effects that could be reached only with complex and expensive optical investigations. Using an extended version of the Corona one-dimensional code previously published by the present authors, the simulation of pure methane and different methane–hydrogen blends, and biogas–hydrogen blends mixed with air was performed. Each mixture was simulated both for 10% recirculated exhaust gas dilution and for its corresponding dilute upper limit, which was estimated by means of chemical kinetics simulations integrated with a custom misfire detection criterion.

show abstract

“…The excitation energy of CN(B 2 Σ + ) is about 3 eV so that it can be easily produced by thermal and/or electron‐impact excitation of ground state CN(X 2 Σ + ) in the lightning‐like channel. Alternative kinetic mechanisms for the formation of CN(X 2 Σ + ) and CN(B 2 Σ + ) would require the presence of the metastable N 2 (

{normalA}^{3} {normalΣ}_{u}^{+}

) through CO(X 1 Σ g ) + N 2 (

{normalA}^{3} {normalΣ}_{u}^{+}

) → CN(X 2 Σ + ) + NO and CN(X 2 Σ + ) + N 2 (

{normalA}^{3} {normalΣ}_{u}^{+}

) → CN(B 2 Σ + ) + N 2 (Crispim et al., 2021). These reaction paths should also be possible in mild temperature regions of the lightning‐like channel so that ground state N 2 can be excited by electron collisions before dissociation occurs.…”

Section: Galius Time‐resolved Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where 5 Π g is a metastable (quintet) state for which a crossing exists between the v = 6 level of the d 3 Π g and the v = 0 of the 5 Π g state (Carbone et al, 2020). (Crispim et al, 2021). These reaction paths should also be possible in mild temperature regions of the lightning-like channel so that ground state N 2 can be excited by electron collisions before dissociation occurs.…”

Section: Galius Spectra In the Near Ultraviolet-blue (380-450 Nm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Speed Spectroscopy of Lightning‐Like Discharges: Evidence of Molecular Optical Emissions

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High speed spectra (between ∼380 nm and ∼800 nm) of meter‐long lightning‐like discharges recorded at 672,000 fps and 1,400,000 fps (with 1.488 and 0.714 μs time resolutions and 160 ns exposure time) show optical emissions of neutral hydrogen, singly ionized nitrogen, oxygen, and doubly ionized nitrogen which are similar to those found in natural lightning optical emissions. The spectra recorded in the near ultraviolet‐blue range (380–450 nm) and visible‐near infrared (475–793 nm) exhibited features of optical emissions corresponding to several molecular species (and emission bands) like cyanide radical (CN) (Violet bands), N2 (Second Positive System), N2+ (first negative system), C2 (Swan band) and CO (Quintet and Ångström bands). Molecular species can be formed at regions of the lightning‐like channel where the gas temperature would be milder and/or in the corona sheath surrounding the heated channel. We have quantified and compared electron densities and temperatures derived from different sets of neutral and ion line emissions and have found different sensitivities depending on the lines used. Temperatures derived from ion emissions are higher and change faster than those derived from neutral emissions.

show abstract

On the CN production through a spark-plug discharge in air-CO2 mixture

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Simulation of Venus Lightning‐I: Characterization of Free Radicals Generated in Venus Major Gas Mixture

Simulation of Venus Lightning‐I: Characterization of Free Radicals Generated in Venus Major Gas Mixture

Numerical Evaluation of the Effect of Fuel Blending with CO2 and H2 on the Very Early Corona-Discharge Behavior in Spark Ignited Engines

High‐Speed Spectroscopy of Lightning‐Like Discharges: Evidence of Molecular Optical Emissions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About