On the computation of the disruption forces in tokamaks

Pustovitov, V. D.; Rubinacci, G.; Villone, F.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/aa8876

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the standard model of a 'circular' tokamak, it requires a pair of coupled kink modes with different (m, n), the poloidal and toroidal wave numbers. Also, in calculation of the wall reaction we have to treat it as a resistive conductor so that the wall sideways force is a function of the growth rate γ [32,[37][38][39], in contrast to γ-independent relations for F X given by (1) and derived in [31,33]. In [37] the study was performed for the locked exponentially growing modes, and here we extend it to the rotating modes assuming nonzero γ and ω.…”

Section: Incorporation Of the Condition [38]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sideways force due to coupled rotating kink modes in tokamaks

2021

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The possibility of generation of the rotating sideways force on the wall by the kink modes is analytically investigated. The approach is basically the same as that developed earlier in (Mironov and Pustovitov 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 092508) for the locked modes, but now their rotation is allowed. Its main elements are ∂b/∂t ≠ 0 (described by the growth rate γ and angular rotation frequency ω of the magnetic perturbation b), resistive dissipation in the wall, and the requirement of zero sideways force on the plasma. These make the approach greatly different from those resulting in the so-called Noll’s formula. The result is also different; it predicts a force an order of magnitude smaller. Nevertheless, such a force can be dangerous at the resonance frequency of the vacuum vessel. The derived relations show that the rotating force must be maximal at ωτ w = O(1), where τ w is the resistive wall time. For the faster modes it decreases roughly as ∼1/ω.

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Section: Incorporation Of the Condition [38]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sideways force due to coupled rotating kink modes in tokamaks

2021

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“…Also the agreement in terms of the total toroidal current flowing in the vessel is good (figure 11(b)), both quantitatively (amplitude of the peaks) and qualitatively (time variations). To achieve this level of accuracy, it was necessary to include the effects of PF coil currents, using the experimentally measured values as input to the simulations; indeed, they have a significant effect in draining current from the vessel, thanks to the magnetic coupling, on time scales longer than the disruption, acting in practice as a disruption force damper [24].…”

Section: Comparison With Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruptive plasma simulations in EAST including 3D effects

Chen¹,

Villone²,

Sun³

et al. 2019

Nucl. Fusion

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A simulation of a disruption in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) is carried out with the CarMa0NL code and the results are successfully compared with the experimental data. The fundamental role of three-dimensional (3D) features of conducting structures surrounding the plasma is demonstrated and is fully accounted for in simulations. The results demonstrate that the currents measured by Rogowski coils placed around the supports of in-vessel plasma facing components (PFCs) are largely due to eddy currents induced by the plasma motion and current decay, with a relatively small contribution coming from the currents directly injected from the plasma into the structures (halo currents).

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“…where F ≡ (F x , F y , F z ), J is the current density, B is the total magnetic field and n is a unit vector perpendicular to the toroidal surface. Therefore, for time scales much shorter than τ w , the vessel forces remain small (F ≈ 0) since B remains approximately unchanged outside the wall (as observed in [15]). However, as it is deduced from (1) and it is shown in this paper, the force can arise after the field penetrates the wall even in the absence of plasma currents (this was also observed in [16]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Non-axisymmetric MHD simulations of the current quench phase of ITER mitigated disruptions

Artola¹,

Loarte²,

Hoelzl³

et al. 2022

Nucl. Fusion

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Non-axisymmetric simulations of the current quench phase of ITER disruptions are key to predict asymmetric forces acting into the ITER wall. We present for the first time such simulations for ITER mitigated disruptions at realistic Lundquist numbers. For these strongly mitigated disruptions, we find that the edge safety factor remains above 2 and the maximal integral horizontal forces remain below 1 MN. The maximal integral vertical force is found to be 13 MN and arises in a time scale given by the resistive wall time as expected from theoretical considerations. In this respect, the vertical force arises after the plasma current has completely decayed, showing the importance of continuing the simulations also in the absence of plasma current. We conclude that the horizontal wall force rotation is not a concern for these strongly mitigated disruptions in ITER, since when the wall forces form, there are no remaining sources of rotation.

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On the computation of the disruption forces in tokamaks

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Sideways force due to coupled rotating kink modes in tokamaks

Sideways force due to coupled rotating kink modes in tokamaks

Disruptive plasma simulations in EAST including 3D effects

Non-axisymmetric MHD simulations of the current quench phase of ITER mitigated disruptions

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