On the Constituents of the Root of Fukuchiyama-jio, the Hybrid of Rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurea and R. glutinosa forma hueichingensis

Ionone glycosides from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa

“…The known ionone glycosides and analogues were identified as aeginetic acid (6) [2], dihydroxy-b-ionone (7) [2], rehmapicrogenin (8) [2], trihydroxy-bionone (9) [2], sec-hydroxyaeginetic acid (10) [2], rehmaionoside C (11) [9], aeginetic acid 5-O-b-D-quinovoside (12) [11], neo-rehmannioside (13) [12], oxyrehmaionoside B (14) [13], and dihydrophaseic acid 4 0 -O-b-D-glucopyranoside (15) [14], by NMR analysis and comparison with literature data.…”

“…White amorphous powder, ½a 20 D 2 96:6 (c ¼ 0.08, MeOH); UV (MeOH): l max (log 1) 204 (3.80), 261 (4.23) nm; CD (MeOH): D1 221.5 nm þ 0.43, D1 259 nm 2 4.44; IR: n max 3419, 2929, 1693, 1660, 1610, 1370, 1237, 1154, 1075 cm 21 ; for 1 H NMR (methanol-d 4 , 500 MHz) and 13 C NMR (methanol-d 4 , 125 MHz) spectral data, see Tables 1 and 2; HR-ESI-MS: m/z 469.2047 [M þ Na] þ (calcd for C 21 H 34 O 10 Na, 469.2044). White amorphous powder, ½a 20 D 2 90:0 (c ¼ 0.10, MeOH); UV (MeOH): l max (log 1) 208 (4.22), 227 (4.18), 314 (4.42) nm; CD (MeOH): D1 226 nm 2 1.89; IR: n max 3394, 2937, 1702, 1658, 1593, 1500, 1460, 1334, 1223, 1073 cm 21 ; for 1 H NMR (methanol-d 4 , 500 MHz) and 13 C NMR (methanol-d 4 , 125 MHz) spectral data, see Tables 1 and 2; HR-ESI-MS: m/z 559.2513 [M þ Na] þ (calcd for C 28 H 40 O 10 Na, 559.2519).3.3.5 Frehmaglutin E (5)White amorphous powder, ½a 20 D 2 16.6 (c ¼ 0 13,. MeOH); UV (MeOH): l max (log 1) 203 (3.98) nm; CD (MeOH): D1 223 nm þ 1.71; IR: n max 3398, 2930, 1705, 1636, 1450, 1312, 1170, 1075 cm 21 ; for 1 H NMR (methanol-d 4 , 500 MHz) and 13 C NMR (methanol-d 4 , 125 MHz) spectral data, see Tables 1 and 2; HR-ESI-MS: m/z 235.1301 [M þ Na] þ (calcd for C 12 H 20 O 3 Na, 235.1305).3.4 Crystal data for frehmaglutin D (4) C 28 H 40 O 10 , M ¼ 536.62, dimensions 0.10 £ 0.15 £ 0.53 mm, orthorhombic system, space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , crystal cell parameters: a ¼ 7.123(4) Å , b ¼ 14.047(4) Å , c ¼ 29.589(8) Å , V ¼ 2961(2) Å 3 , Z ¼ 4, d ¼ 1.244 g/cm…”

Study on morphological and genetic diversity of Rehmannia glutinosa cultivated in Japan

“…In the past, Fukuchiyama-jiō, a hybrid of R. glutinosa var. purpurea and R. glutinosa f. hueichingensis, was developed to ensure a stable supply of Japanese Jiō in Japan [2], but it is nowhere to be found in 2), and October (3); leaf undersurface anthocyanin coloration observed in June (4), August (5), and October (6); root shape observed in October (7); and ratio of string root measured in October (8) the current Japanese market. History has shown that new varieties are created, and cultivars that are not in demand disappear with time.…”

“…Because of this characteristic, it takes time to harvest the plant and the yield is low. Kaikei type has enlarged roots, and root production per plant is higher than Akaya type, making it the overwhelming majority in the current Jiō market [2]. At present, approximately 99% of Jiō used in Japan is imported from China [3], and only Hokkaido is engaged in Jiō production albeit on a small scale.…”