On The Convergence Of Verbal Systems Of Aramaic And Its Neighbours. Part I: Presentbased Paradigms

Noorlander, Paul M.; Stilo, Donald

doi:10.31826/9781463236489-026

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“…32 See Noorlander (forthcoming) for the debate of the possible source constructions with references. 33 See, for instance, Stilo (1981Stilo ( , 2004a, Haig (2001Haig ( , 2008, Kapeliuk (2004), Khan (2004bKhan ( , 2007b, Noorlander (2014Noorlander ( , 2017, Noorlander and Stilo (2015), Stilo and Noorlander (2015). 34 See Beyer (1986, 54), Hopkins (1989a, 413), Jastrow (2008, 1).…”

Section: Aims and Scope Of This Bookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergativity and Other Alignment Types in Neo-Aramaic

Noorlander¹

2021

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This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the cc by-nc-nd 4.0 license. chapter 1 1.2.1Above the Tigris: Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (nena) Dialect Bundle With about 150 dialects (Khan 2011), Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (nena) is by far the largest subgroup. Although the internal differentiation of nena is to some extent comparable to that of a language family and many dialects are not mutually intelligible, it is a common practice to speak of nena in terms of dialects. nena constitutes a notoriously complex dialect continuum, which itself is part of a larger continuum that also includes Neo-Aramaic dialects in Ṭur ʿAbdin (see §1.2.2). These dialects are spoken by Jewish (J.) and Christian (C.) communities in West and Northwest Iran (Iranian Kurdistan and Iranian Azerbaijan), North Iraq (Dohuk, Arbel, Sulaymaniyyah) north of the river Tigris and in Southeast Turkey (Hakkari, Van, Bohtan), many of whom have fled the area in the previous century. They are primarily named after the town where they are or used to be spoken with the additional specification of the religious affiliations of the speakers, since the dialects of the Jewish and Christian communities from the same town could differ greatly. Map 1 below displays the locations of several towns known to have (had) nena-speaking communities at least in the previous century, whose dialects will be discussed in this monograph. The names of the towns are generally Aramaic and do not necessarily reflect their equivalents in other regional languages.3 The Christian varieties in Bohtan (Southeast Turkey) and the Jewish varieties east of the Greater Zab river (Northeast Iraq and Northwest Iran) reveal particularly complex alignment types not found in the core nena area.After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of new nations such as Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey and the beginning of the Kurdish struggle for autonomy, the Aramaic speakers found themselves largely in the cross-fire between Kurds and central governments and left their traditional territory. Most of the Jewish community left the region in the 1950s and settled in the young state of Israel. During the First World War most Christians fled present-day Turkey, where an ethnic cleansing occurred in 1915. Since the 1960s the exodus of the Christian community began, taking refuge in Europe, the US, Canada, Australia and South America. Following the American invasion and occupation of Iraq, the instability in the area reached a catastrophic climax in the turmoil of the Syrian Civil War and Islamic State's (Daesh's) reign of terror in Syria and Iraq, until Islamic State was ultimately defeated in the battles of Mosul (July, 2017) and Raqqa (October, 2017). Many Christians chose to return and remain in Iraq, although the material damage alone is enormous.Thus, due to ongoing displacement in the Middle East and beyond, the dialectology of nena is for a large part a historical reconstruction of the once vibrant tapestry of variation before 1915.

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Section: Aims and Scope Of This Bookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergativity and Other Alignment Types in Neo-Aramaic

Noorlander¹

2021

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“…Besides Udi, Stilo (2015: 344) also lists Kryz, Aghul and Tsakhur as three more Nakh-Daghestanian languages to be included in the future Atlas of the aila (like Udi, all three belong to the Lezgic branch). At the same time, in other works on the areal phenomena in the aila, it is usually just Udi which is mentioned (see e.g., Stilo, 2014: 271 andNoorlander andStilo, 2015: 427). This is not surprising, as Udi is spoken in the southernmost part of the Nakh-Daghestanian-speaking area, and has been for millennia in tight contact with the unrelated languages of the Eastern Transcaucasia, namely Armenian, Iranian and Turkic (see also below).…”

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confidence: 99%

Numeral Classifiers in Udi: A Unique Contact-Induced Development among Nakh-Daghestanian?

Timur

2021

J. Lang. Contact

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Following Stilo’s (2018) study of small-inventory classifier systems in a number of Indo-European, Turkic, Kartvelian and Semitic languages of the Araxes-Iran Linguistic Area, the paper presents an account of numeral classifiers in Udi, a Nakh-Daghestanian (Lezgic) language spoken in northern Azerbaijan. Being a peripheral member of the linguistic area in question, Udi possesses an even more reduced version of a small-classifier system, comprising one optional classifier dänä (Iranian borrowing, most likely via Azerbaijani) used with both human and inanimate nouns. A dedicated classifier for humans is lacking, although there is a word tan (also of Iranian origin) only used after numerals or quantifiers, but predominantly as a noun phrase head. The behaviour of dänä and tan is scrutinized, according to a set of parameters, in both spoken and written textual corpora of the Nizh dialect of Udi. Drawing in the data from the related Nakh-Daghestanian languages, the paper shows that among the languages of the family Udi may be unique in possessing classifiers (albeit as a result of contact), Khinalug possibly being the only other exception.

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On The Convergence Of Verbal Systems Of Aramaic And Its Neighbours. Part I: Presentbased Paradigms

Cited by 2 publications

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Ergativity and Other Alignment Types in Neo-Aramaic

Ergativity and Other Alignment Types in Neo-Aramaic

Numeral Classifiers in Udi: A Unique Contact-Induced Development among Nakh-Daghestanian?

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