“…A fast increase of the central electron temperature caused by the edge cooling in Ohmic heating (OH) plasmas, the so-called non-local heat transport (NLT) [1] is one of these challenging issues. NLT was first observed in the TEXT tokamak 23 years ago, and in many fusion devices afterwards (TFTR [2], RTP [3], ASDEX UPGRAGE [4], Tore Supra [5], JET [6], LHD [7][8][9], HL-2A [10][11][12], Alcator C-Mod [13][14][15], KSTAR [16], J-TEXT [17], and EAST [18]). NLT phenomenon shows that the limitation of transport theory based on traditional local transport model.…”