2022
DOI: 10.3390/batteries8070070
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On the Current and Future Outlook of Battery Chemistries for Electric Vehicles—Mini Review

Abstract: As the electrification of the transportation industry is accelerating, the energy storage markets are trying to secure more reliable and environmentally benign materials. Advanced materials are the key performance enablers of batteries as well as a key element determining the cost structure, environmental impact, and recyclability of battery cells. In this review, we analyzed the state-of-the-art cell chemistries and active electrode and electrolyte materials for electric vehicles batteries, which we believe w… Show more

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Cited by 109 publications
(62 citation statements)
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“…mance [9,12]. Binders allowing electrode layer formation may include carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene-butadiene rubber [13].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…mance [9,12]. Binders allowing electrode layer formation may include carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene-butadiene rubber [13].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Active material, as in anode formation, is mixed with binder(s), e.g., PVDF [13]. Transition metals building cathodes account for up to 14 % of battery mass (cathode type depending) [11] and strongly affect battery production cost (51%) and recycling cost-effectiveness [12]. They are, in parallel, the main source of (eco)toxicological biohazards, especially accounting for projected market growth, energy-hungry supply chains and waste management.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2 In order to fulfill these demands, various emerging technologies and cathode material alternatives as well as synthesis strategies to replace lithiumion NCM batteries (LIB) have been suggested, such as anode tuning, 3 sulphur-based, 4,5 sodium-ion [6][7][8] and magnesium-ion batteries. 9 However, it has been estimated that NCM-type active materials, such as LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811), will remain highly relevant cathode materials in EV batteries until approximately 2030, 2,10,11 the co-precipitation route being the most likely synthesis method. 2 Therefore, the study and optimization of simple, affordable and scalable high-volume synthesis methods, such as co-precipitation, calcination and washing, for NCM cathode active materials remains highly relevant.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The LTO is a state-of-the-art anode material because of its safety, abundant raw materials, great cycling stability, and stable charge and discharge voltage elevated level. However, in real status, EV models have mostly used NMC, NCA, LMO, and LFP batteries because of their stable crystal structure, abundant resources, and lower costs, as shown in Table 1 [ 3 , 10 , 11 ]. Nevertheless, various batteries retain limitations that should be improved or developed in the future to reduce production costs, increase capacities of application, and improve the EoL treatment technology.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%