On the deactivation mechanism of RuO2–TiO2/Ti anodes prepared by the sol–gel procedure

Capacitive properties of RuO2-coated titanium electrodes prepared by the alkoxide ink procedure

“…Moreover, the capacitive characteristics of these electrodes were also found to be not only dependent on coating mass but also on the electrolyte composition [34]. Since the characteristics of these electrodes appear to be favourable in comparison to electrodes prepared from inorganic oxide sols or by thermal decomposition of metal chlorides [34,36], the aim of this study was to connect the results of the electrolyte-dependent capacitive properties, in H 2 SO 4 and NaCl solution, of titanium-supported ruthenium-oxide coatings of two different masses, obtained by the ink method and the results reported earlier [34,35] for the same coatings. The effects of coating mass and electrolyte composition on the capacitance distribution throughout the porous coating were studied at variable charge/discharge rates by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).…”

Differences in the electrochemical behavior of ruthenium and iridium oxide in electrocatalytic coatings of activated titanium anodes prepared by the sol-gel procedure

“…2 ATA coatings with RuO 2 and/or IrO 2 undergo degradation due to the electrochemical dissolution of noble metal oxide species. [3][4][5][6] Since these products of noble metal oxide degradation are soluble, the anode coating is gradually enriched in insulating TiO 2 during operation, since not only is this oxide already present as a stabilizing component of binary and/or ternary coatings, but it also comes from the coating substrate. These processes lead to anode passivation.…”

“…[3][4][5] The anode activity for the oxygen evolution reaction plays a key role in the process of anode degradation. 5,6 It is known that ATA with iridium oxide in the coating is more stable against passivation in the electrolysis of NaCl solutions than a binary RuO 2 -TiO 2 coating. 7,8 This is due to the slower dissolution rate of IrO 2 with respect to RuO 2 , especially when a considerable portion of the current is related to the oxygen evolution reaction.…”

“…5,11 This improvement was assigned to the larger real surface area of the sol-gel-prepared coating. 6 The activity and stability of a ternary Ti 0.6 Ru 0.3 Ir 0.1 O 2 coating on titanium prepared by the sol-gel procedure were investigated under conditions of chlorine and oxygen evolution. 12,13 The anode characteristics were compared to the characteristics of a binary Ti 0.6 Ru 0.4 O 2 coating.…”

Wet film application techniques and their effects on the stability of RuO2–TiO2 coated titanium anodes

“…are mixed with electrocatalytic oxides. Alternative routes for coating preparation like sol-gel [9,10] and Pechini method [11] have been shown to improve the life of the coating as compared to the traditional method of thermal treatment. Electrodes prepared by polymeric precursor method improved the life times by five times to that of the traditional coating method [12].…”