On the Deformation Analysis during RCSR Process Aided by Finite Element Modeling and Digital Image Correlation

Abstract

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods are developed to produce highly strained materials while 7 experiencing no dimensional changes. Several parameters have to be considered to develop a SPD 8 process such as industrial applicability. In this study, the repetitive corrugation and straightening by 9 rolling (RCSR) method, is used. Process parameters, sample thickness, and rollers design and gap, are 10 optimized according to deformation mode simulated by Abaqus software. The results are verified using 11 DIC (digital image correlation) experiments, which are in good agreement with the simulations. 12 Analytical modeling is also used to estimate accumulated strain after one cycle and the results show a 13 similar trend. Microhardness tests show that deformation homogeneity and hardness are increased 14 after each step of RCSR. 15

A Significant Improvement in the Mechanical Properties of AISI 304 Stainless Steel by a Combined RCSR and Annealing Process

“…In addition, the average amount of strain for one step of RCSR process can be obtained by the following equation: [40] …”

“…The sequence of RCSR process has been described in ref. [40] In order to introduce higher amount of strain induced martensite, the deformation is applied at 0 C, which is relatively well below M d temperature (the temperature at which 50% of the austenite transforms to martensite after 30% true deformation). [46] Reverse transformation temperatures were measured by using an Adamel DT1000 type dilatometer.…”

“…The volume fraction of deformation-induced martensite depends on different parameters, such as the applied strain, temperature, [13] initial grain size, [9,14] as well as applied stress state, and strain rate. Various techniques, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), [25][26][27][28][29] high pressure torsion (HPT), [30,31] accumulative roll-bonding (ARB), [32,33] constrained groove pressing (CGP), [34] constrained groove rolling (CGR), [35] and repetitive corrugation and strengthening (RCS) [36][37][38] have been well developed. [17][18][19] Because of low SFE of AISI 304 steel (21 mJ m À2 ), [20,21] deformation bands including mechanical twins and e-martensite (hcp) are produced, which results from overlapping of stacking faults in each second {111} g plane.…”

“…In addition, RCSR can be installed on universal rolling mills, thus it has the highest potential for industrialization. The process has been successfully applied on pure Aluminum [40] and Copper, A356 Aluminum alloy, and NiTi alloy. [41] Furthermore, cold rolling has been applied frequently in the past to stimulate deformation-induced martensite in AISI 304 steel.…”

Impact of RCS- Cross Root Process and die design in commercial Brass Alloy Sheets

“…Non-ferrous materials like Copper and alloys of copper [5], Aluminum and alloys [6,7], Titanium alloys [8], Magnesium alloys [9], Nickel [10] , Steel [11] were extensively studied. Different SPD processes, RCSR [12], CGP [13], NWR [14] have been used for refining the grain in recent years. In the present work, Repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) process is modified to a technique which has been tentatively named as the Cross-Root Technique, by using this technique, an attempt has been made to get a homogeneous sheet whose grains have been reduced to nano size uniformly throughout.…”