On the design and evaluation of a steady flow model for doppler ultrasound studies

Law, Yu Xi Terence; Johnston, K. Wayne; Routh, H.F.; Cobbold, R.S.C.

doi:10.1016/0301-5629(89)90103-8

Cited by 59 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In vitro flow phantoms have been used as quality assurance and performance testing tools since the late 1980s and have been reviewed by Law et al (1989). Since the 1990s, anatomically-realistic in vitro flow phantoms have also been developed for use in the area of blood flow investigation, although most of these phantoms have concentrated on replicating the carotid artery (see the recent review of Hoskins 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A range of materials have been used to mimic the vessel wall in these flow phantoms including: glass, plastic, Teflon, latex, C-flex, heat shrink and neoprene, often chosen due to their availability in tube form (Law et al 1989;IPEM 1994;Hoskins 2008). The material C-flex (Cole-Parmer, Walden, UK) is one of the more commonly used materials, however, it tends to produce significant distortion of the Doppler spectrum due to its very high attenuation coefficient (Teirlinck, Bezemer et al 1998), and it has a reported speed of sound and attenuation of 1557 m s -1 and 58 dB cm -1 , respectively, at 8 MHz (IPEM 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Vessel-Mimicking Material for use in Anatomically Realistic Doppler Flow Phantoms

King¹,

Moran

McNamara³

et al. 2011

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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Polyvinyl alcohol cryogel, (PVA-C) is presented as a vessel mimicking material for use in anatomically realistic Doppler flow phantoms. Three different batches of 10 % wt PVA-C containing (i) PVA-C alone, (ii) PVA-C with anti-bacterial agent and (iii) PVA-C with silicon carbide particles were produced, each with 1 to 6 freeze-thaw cycles. The resulting PVA-C samples were characterized acoustically (over a range 2.65 -10.5 MHz) and mechanically in order to determine the optimum mixture and preparation for mimicking the properties of healthy and diseased arteries found in vivo. This optimum mix was reached with the PVA-C with anti-bacterial agent sample, prepared after 2 freeze/thaw cycles, which achieved a speed of sound of 1538 ± 5 m s -1 and a Young's elastic modulus of 79 ± 11kPa.This material was used to make a range of anatomically-realistic flow phantoms with varying degrees of stenoses, and subsequent flow experiments revealed that higher degrees of stenoses and higher velocities could be achieved without phantom rupturing compared to a phantom containing conventional wall-less vessels. KeywordsPolyvinyl alcohol cryogel, vessel mimic, ultrasound phantom, anatomically realistic flow phantom, acoustic and mechanical characterisation 1

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Vessel-Mimicking Material for use in Anatomically Realistic Doppler Flow Phantoms

King¹,

Moran

McNamara³

et al. 2011

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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“…Flow phantoms can be designed to allow accurate reproduction of complex vascular geometries, easy modeling of flow properties using mathematical simulations, and good mimicking of thermal and/or acoustic tissue properties (Law et al 1989;Peopping et al 2002;Vella et al 2003;Rickey et al 1995). These phantoms have been used previously in ultrasound research, for example in determination of accuracy of B-mode and Doppler ultrasound imaging (Rickey et al 1995;Walker et al 2004), assessment of new ultrasound imaging methods (Potdevin et al 2004), and studies of flow in diseased blood vessels (Peopping et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, machine cutting fluid (Dabrowski et al 2001;Frayne et al 1993;Rickey et al 1995) or glycerol (Law et al 1989;Peopping et al 2002;Ramnarine et al 1998) can be mixed with water to increase its viscosity and density. Also, small particles such as cellulose (Law et al 1989) or nylon (Dabrowski et al 2001;Peopping et al 2002;Ramnarine et al 1998;Rickey et al 1995) can be added to water to increase scattering. These fluids can provide a reasonable approximation of the physical and acoustic properties of real blood (Ramnarine et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach is to use blood derivates, since whole blood is not appropriate because of its tendency to clot. Blood derivates such as hardened red blood cells suspended in saline (Law et al 1989) or anticoagulated porcine blood with removed platelets and white blood cells (Lin et al 1999) have been used previously. In our studies, the whole porcine blood used in the phantom had to be heparinized to prevent clotting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsatile Flow Phantom for Ultrasound Image-Guided HIFU Treatment of Vascular Injuries

Greaby

Zderic

Vaezy

2007

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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A pulsatile flow phantom was developed for studies of ultrasound image-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) application in transcutaneous hemostasis of injured blood vessels. The flow phantom consisted of a pulsatile pump system with instrumented excised porcine carotid artery, which was imbedded in a transparent agarose gel to model structural configuration of in-vivo tissues. Heparinized porcine blood was circulated through the phantom. The artery was injured using an 18 Gauge needle to model a penetrating injury in human peripheral vasculature. A HIFU transducer with the diameter of 7 cm, focal length of 6.3 cm and frequency of 3.4 MHz was used to seal the puncture. Ultrasound imaging was used to localize and target the puncture site, and monitor the HIFU treatment. Triphasic blood flows present in the human arteries were reproduced, with flow rates of 50-500 ml/min, pulse rates of 62-138 beats/min, and peak pressures of 100-250 mmHg. The penetrating injury of an artery was mimicked successfully in the flow phantom setting, and was easily visualized both optically through the transparent gel and with Power Doppler ultrasound imaging. Hemostasis was achieved in 55 ± 31 s (n=9) of HIFU application. Histological observations showed that a HIFU-sealed puncture was filled with clotted blood and covered with a fibrin cap. The pulsatile flow phantom provides a controlled and repeatable environment for studies of transcutaneous imageguided HIFU application in hemostasis of a variety of blood vessel injuries.

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Experimental study on soil improvement using local microorganisms

et al. 2020

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On the design and evaluation of a steady flow model for doppler ultrasound studies

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

Development of a Vessel-Mimicking Material for use in Anatomically Realistic Doppler Flow Phantoms

Development of a Vessel-Mimicking Material for use in Anatomically Realistic Doppler Flow Phantoms

Pulsatile Flow Phantom for Ultrasound Image-Guided HIFU Treatment of Vascular Injuries

Experimental study on soil improvement using local microorganisms

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