On the Design of 2x2 Full-Rate Full-Diversity Space-Time Block Codes

Comprehensive study on a 2 × 2 full‐rate and linear decoding complexity space–time block code

“…Owing to the existence of the NVD property across the PAM constellation, this gain grows up to 2 dB when the bandwidth efficiency increases to 6 b/s/Hz. Besides, for the PAM modulation, the FRLR code significantly outperforms the Golden code [7] and the proposed codes in [16,17] and provides the same performance with far lower complexity when compared with that of the code in [26]. To make a fair comparison, we also show that the FRLR code with PAM modulation scheme has a close BER performance in comparison with those of other full-rate STBCs with optimised constellation when bandwidth efficiencies are 4 and 6 b/s/Hz.…”

“…Otherwise, the simulation running continues till the condition is reached. In addition, the BER performance of our proposed FRLR code is compared with those of the following STBCs schemes: (i) the Golden code [7], (ii) the Paredes-Gershman-Alkhansari (PGA) code [16], (iii) the Sezginer-Sari-Biglieri (SSB) code [17] and (iv) the Ghaderipoor-Hajiaghayi-Tellambura (GHT) code [26]. It is seen that although there are an infinite number of Δf's that maximise the FRLR's coding gain for PAM constellations, the FRLR code does not exhibit the same BER performance for different values of Δf's.…”

“…In an attempt to verify the above inconsistency, we use the union bound with the exact PEP metric given in [25], denoted by P ue , that is more accurate but complicated than the coding gain and is utilised as the design criterion of the GHT code [26] (see [25] for more details and [26] for a thorough review of the method). Table 2 displays the values of P ue at some sample SNRs, denoted by P SNR ue , for different values of Δf.…”

“…For completeness, Fig. 3 shows the BER performance against SNR of the optimised FRLR code and that of the Golden [7], GHT [26], PGA [16] and SSB [17] codes for the BPSK and PAM constellations. As can be seen, both the FRLR and the GHT codes display exactly the same performances and significantly outperform the Golden, PGA and SSB codes in all SNR ranges.…”

Efficiently decoded full-rate space-time block codes

“…Thus, the total power transmitted by each antenna is equal. The dispersion matrices of Example 1 do not satisfy (11) and are therefore not orthogonal.…”