On the detailed morphological and chemical evolution of phases during laser powder bed fusion and common post-processing heat treatments of IN718

Rielli, Vitor Vieira; Piglione, Alessandro; Pham, Minh‐Son; Primig, Sophie

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102540

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The expected lack of Laves formation is further supported by simple cooling experiments on IN718 which seem to indicate that Laves formation should be suppressed at cooling rates experienced during L-PBF [222]. However, based on several reports in AM literature, it becomes clear that non-equilibrium formation of Laves does occur [50,98,99,191,209,223]. This may be due to the repeated melting that occurs from the layer-by-layer process within L-PBF, and the high level of Nb microsegregation.…”

Section: Other Secondary Precipitates and Tcp Phasesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…17b, c, and d), it has been shown in IN718 that from the surrounding matrix into the Laves phase, the Nb concentration increases from 2 to 20 at.% (Fig. 17d) [179,223]. Overall, the size of Laves phase in L-PBF printed alloys varies greatly with cited measurements ranging between as low as 17 nm and as high as 1-2 lm [80,191].…”

Section: Other Secondary Precipitates and Tcp Phasesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…17a for L-PBF [99]. In general, Laves formation comes at the expense of Nb depletion in the matrix, a known solid solution strengthener [40], and can decrease the formation of c 00 in IN718 [50,167,223]. Through APM (Fig.…”

Section: Other Secondary Precipitates and Tcp Phasesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…LOM is often used for initial macroscopic examination of AM Ni-based superalloys, as a myriad of adjustable processing parameters enables the formation of multiple morphologies of grains and melt pools [56,161,226]. For instance, LOM has been used to show that the meander scanning strategy generates a finer and more homogeneous distribution of melt pools in comparison to chessboard strategy in IN718 [223]. Higher laser power produces deeper melt pools while faster scan speeds make the melt pool shallower [227].…”

Section: Optical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 14, 16, 18, and 19 for example, SEM can provide reliable insights into the morphology of c, c 0 and other phases that are of sizes [ * 20 nm due to its 2 nm resolution. Further examples of the extensive uses of SEM include characterizing initial powders, cracks and porosities, and melt pool boundaries [54,149,223,[232][233][234]. SEM operates on the basis of an electron beam scanning the surface of a conductive sample in a vacuum chamber.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: a review of the main microstructural constituents and characterization techniques

et al. 2022

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has unlocked unique opportunities for making complex Ni-based superalloy parts with reduced material waste, development costs, and production lead times. Considering the available AM methods, powder bed fusion (PBF) processes, using either laser or electron beams as high energy sources, have the potential to print complex geometries with a high level of microstructural control. PBF is highly suited for the development of next generation components for the defense, aerospace, and automotive industries. A better understanding of the as-built microstructure evolution during PBF of Ni-based superalloys is important to both industry and academia because of its impacts on mechanical, corrosion, and other technological properties, and, because it determines post-processing heat treatment requirements. The primary focus of this review is to outline the individual phase formations and morphologies in Ni-based superalloys, and their correlation to PBF printing parameters. Given the hierarchal nature of the microstructures formed during PBF, detailed descriptions of the evolution of each microstructural constituent are required to enable microstructure control. Ni-based superalloys microstructures commonly include γ, γ′, γ′′, $$\delta$$ δ , TCP, carbides, nitrides, oxides, and borides, dependent on their composition. A thorough characterization of these phases remains challenging due to the multi-scale microstructural hierarchy alongside with experimental challenges related to imaging secondary phases that are often nanoscale and (semi)-coherent. Hence, a detailed discussion of advanced characterization techniques is the second focus of this review, to enable a more complete understanding of the microstructural evolution in Ni-based superalloys printed using PBF. This is with an expressed goal of directing the research community toward the tools necessary for a thorough investigation of the processing-microstructure-property relationships in PBF Ni-based superalloy parts to enable microstructural engineering.

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Section: Other Secondary Precipitates and Tcp Phasesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Other Secondary Precipitates and Tcp Phasesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Other Secondary Precipitates and Tcp Phasesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Optical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: a review of the main microstructural constituents and characterization techniques

et al. 2022

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Unique Yttria Nanoparticle Strengthening in an Inconel 718 Superalloy Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Dai,

Zhu,

Yan

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) nickel (Ni)‐based superalloys are advanced materials known for their outstanding tensile and creep performance at temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. Nevertheless, their conventional synthesis presents a longstanding challenge in cost‐effectively producing intricate components for critical applications. In this work, electrostatic self‐assembly (ESA) of powders with the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process have been successfully combined to produce yttria ODS Inconel 718 (IN718) alloy for the first time. The approach has demonstrated a significant contribution of yttria to the strength of IN718 after the solid solution heat treatment, as evidenced by ≈50% improvement in room temperature yield strength with a 0.5 wt.% yttria addition. The addition of yttria by this process leads to a heterogeneous microstructure. This heterogeneous microstructure comprises two distinct grain areas with varying amounts of yttria nanoparticles and dislocation storage. It has been shown that the yield strength increase can be predicted by the combination of both Y2O3 dispersion strengthening and dislocation strengthening mechanisms. These findings offer an effective approach to tailor heterogeneous microstructures, unlocking new opportunities for cost‐effectively producing high‐performance ODS Ni‐based superalloy products with excellent mechanical properties.

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Productivity Increase in PBF-LB Manufacturing of Inconel 718 and The Associated Cost in Fatigue Strength and Impact Toughness

Rautio,

Jaskari,

Hietala

et al. 2024

Springer Proceedings in Materials

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On the detailed morphological and chemical evolution of phases during laser powder bed fusion and common post-processing heat treatments of IN718

Cited by 21 publications

References 71 publications

Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: a review of the main microstructural constituents and characterization techniques

Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: a review of the main microstructural constituents and characterization techniques

Unique Yttria Nanoparticle Strengthening in an Inconel 718 Superalloy Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Productivity Increase in PBF-LB Manufacturing of Inconel 718 and The Associated Cost in Fatigue Strength and Impact Toughness

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