On the distribution and ecology of holothurians in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)

Gutt, Julian

doi:10.1007/bf00240203

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A high degree of local patchiness of benthic invertebrates is likely to be responsible for the observed high β-diversity. Patchy distribution on a regional and local scale has already been described for both Arctic (Mayer & Piepenburg 1996, Piepenburg & Schmid 1996 and Antarctic (Gutt 1991, Gutt & Piepenburg 1991, Gutt & Koltun 1995 shelf communities. This patchiness seems to be mainly effected by variation in sediment type and benthic food supply, which depends on primary production and sedimentation, which again depend on current regimes, hydrographic factors and sea-ice cover (Grebmeier & Barry 1991).…”

Section: Between-habitat (␤) Diversitymentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The conclusions reached in literature reviews may be undue overgeneralisations, since most of them are based on what might be biased data because of differences in the spatial scale and methodology of the investigations (Gutt 1991, Arntz et al 1997. The use of a 'remotely operated vehicle' (ROV) has made it possible to carry out a methodologically identical comparison between Arctic and Antarctic bottom communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mega-epibenthic diversity: a polar comparison

Starmans¹,

Gutt

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The diversity of Arctic (off northeast Greenland) and Antarctic (Weddell and Bellingshausen Seas) megabenthic assemblages was compared using underwater video at depths between 30 and 550 m. The number of taxa found at each station was highest on the Weddell Sea shelf, which can be interpreted as being a result of the long isolation of the Antarctic fauna. However, the withinhabitat (α) diversity of the Weddell Sea assemblages did not differ significantly from those off Greenland or in the Bellingshausen Sea in a comparable depth range. This is apparently due to the similarity in dominance patterns, independent of species numbers. The Bellingshausen Sea and Greenland Sea stations exhibited similar between-habitat (β) diversity patterns, while the Weddell Sea stations showed a slightly higher β-diversity and a pronounced higher overall diversity. This can be partly explained by the development of an epibiotic behaviour by several Antarctic suspension-feeding species. On the shallow shelf off Northeast Greenland the α-diversity was low, but the β-diversity was relatively high compared to the other areas sampled. This may be due to the relatively high impact of physical and biological disturbances at shallower depths and the more stable environmental conditions in the deeper parts of all 3 investigation areas.KEY WORDS: Mega-epibenthos · Antarctic · Arctic · Biodiversity · Between-habitat diversity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Between-habitat (␤) Diversitymentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mega-epibenthic diversity: a polar comparison

Starmans¹,

Gutt

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Also in other regions, e.g. the high Antarctic shelf, such holothurians belong to benthic communities with a poor sessile fauna (Gutt, 1991a;1991b). Another exception were anthozoans which were relatively more abundant in both deeper clusters than in shallow or offshore areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and community structure of the mega-epibenthos in the Magellan area (South America)

Gutt¹,

Helsen²,

Arntz³

et al. 1999

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Epibenthic communites have been investigated at 55 stations in the Magellan region by underwater photography at water depths between 15 and 430m. Five species assemblages were identified of which the two shallow and the two deep ones in the channel system differed considerably in abundance, number of taxa, diversity and species composition. The dominant systematic group of the shallow assemblages were ascidians. In one of these assemblages decapod crustaceans, in the other mainly sessile suspension feeders e.g. sponges, anthozoans and bryozoans were the characteristic taxa. In the deeper assemblages echinoderms were most abundant. The fifth assemblage, consisting of several offshore stations south of the eastern entrance of the Beagle, was more similar to the shallow stations in the channel system in terms of dominant life forms. Various hypotheses were confirmed or rejected: The benthos at the deeper stations in the channel system was not more homogeneous than at the shallow stations. At both the channel and the offshore stations filter feeders were most dominant whereas at the bottom of the channels deposit feeders were more abundant. Differences between the wide Straits of Magellan and the narrow and steep Beagle Channel were not very distinct. The benthic assemblages inside the channel system did not differ considerably from the assemblage outside the channel system with the exception of the stations close to the continental slope of the Atlantic. Differences due to Pacific or Atlantic influences were not recognisable. The biological patterns could best be explained by the environmental parameters water depth, occurrence of soft sediment and biogenic debris.Key words: Mega-epibenthos, Magellan region, community analysis, biodiversity.RESUMEN: BIODIVERSIDAD Y ESTRUCTURA DEL MEGA-EPIBENTOS EN LA REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES (AMÉRICA DEL SUR). -Se estudiaron las comunidades epibentónicas en 55 estaciones de la región de Magallanes en profundidades entre 15 y 430 m mediante fotografía subacuática. Se identificaron cinco comunidades distintas. Las dos comunidades someras y las dos profundas en el sistema de canales revelaron diferencias considerables en lo que se refiere a abundancia, número de taxones, diversidad y composición específica. Las ascidias predominaron en las comunidades someras. En una de ellas, los crustá-ceos decápodos fueron el taxón característico mientras en la otra lo fueron los suspensívoros sésiles tales como esponjas, antozoos o briozoos. En las comunidades de mayor profundidad los equinodermos fueron el grupo más notable. La quinta comunidad, compuesta por varias estaciones situadas al sur de la entrada este del Canal del Beagle, resultó ser muy parecida a la de las estaciones someras en el sistema de canales en términos de formas de vida dominantes. Se aceptaron o rechazaron varias hipótesis. El bentos en las estaciones más profundas del sistema de canales no se mostró más homogéneo que en las estaciones someras. Tanto en las estaciones cercanas como en las estaciones fuera de la costa p...

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“…Hargrave 1985, Smith 1985, Piepenburg 1988, Hecker 1990, Gutt 1991, Piepenburg & von Juterzenka 1994, and are rarely abundant enough to be sampled adequately by quantitative samplers, such as box corers. Traditionally box cores cover areas of 0.25 m'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peracarid fauna (Crustacea, Malacostraca) of the Northeast Water Polynya off Greenland:documenting close benthic-pelagic coupling in the Westwind Trough

Brandt¹

1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Composition, abundance, and diversity of peracarids (Crustacea) were investigated over a period of 3 mo in the Northeast Water Polynya (NEW), off Greenland. Samples were collected from May to July 1993 during expeditions ARK IX/2 and 3 using an epibenthic sledge on RV 'Polarstern' Within the macrobenthic community peracarids were an important component of the shelf fauna and occurred in high abundance in this area together with polychaetes, molluscs and brittle stars. A total of 38322 specimens were sampled from 22 stations. Cumacea attained the highest total abundance and Amphipoda the highest d~versity. Isopoda were of medium abundance, Mysidacea less abundant, and Tanaidacea least abundant. In total 229 species were found. Differences in composition, abundance and diversity do not reflect bathymetric gradients, but mainly the availability of food (phytoplankton and especially ice algae) and, hence, the temporal and spatial opening of the polynya. Thus primary production and hydrographic condit~ons (lateral advection due to the ant~cyclonic gyre around Belgica Bank) are the main biological and physical parameters influencing the peracarid crustacean community, documenting a close coupling between primary production and the benthic community in the eastern Westwind Trough. The high abundance of Peracarida, which are also capable of burrowing in the upper sediment layers, indicates their importance for benthic carbon cycling.

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On the distribution and ecology of holothurians in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)

Cited by 56 publications

References 28 publications

Mega-epibenthic diversity: a polar comparison

Mega-epibenthic diversity: a polar comparison

Biodiversity and community structure of the mega-epibenthos in the Magellan area (South America)

Peracarid fauna (Crustacea, Malacostraca) of the Northeast Water Polynya off Greenland:documenting close benthic-pelagic coupling in the Westwind Trough

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