On the downward transport of turbulent kinetic energy in the surface layer over plant canopies

Maitani, Toshihiko

doi:10.1007/bf00121896

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Frequency distributions of the streamwise wind component are not available in the literature for comparison with our data. However, Maitani (1978) observed negative values of streamwise velocity immediately above a plant canopy. He states that this occurrence is associated with regions having great turbulence.…”

Section: Probability Density Distributions Of Wind Velocity Componentsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Turbulence in an almond orchard: Vertical variations in turbulent statistics

Baldocchi

Hutchison

1987

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Abstract. Three-dimensional wind velocity components were measured above and within a uniform almond orchard. Turbulent statistics associated with the turbulent flow inside the canopy are examined in detail. Turbulence in an almond orchard is characterized by relatively high turbulent intensities and large skewness and kurtosis values. These results indicate that the frequency distribution of wind velocity components is non-Gaussian. Conditional sampling of the turbulent measurements show that large, infrequent sweeps provide the predominant mechanism for tangential momentum stress in the canopy crown. Deep inside the canopy, a secondary wind maximum and small, but positive, tangential momentum stresses are observed.

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Section: Probability Density Distributions Of Wind Velocity Componentsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Typically, kinetic energy is transported downward above and within a horizontally homogeneous canopy (Maitani, 1978;Shaw, 1985). Our observation is probably an artifact of the systematic circulation, which exists in the lee of the upwind tree.…”

Section: Vertical Profiles Of Turbulentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence in an almond orchard: Vertical variations in turbulent statistics

Baldocchi

Hutchison

1987

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…It is well documented that within canopy flows, sweeps dominate the canopy region and ejections dominate the flow above [24,32,[35][36][37]. It is also recognised that these intermittent, high momentum events are responsible for the majority of energy and momentum transfer between the canopy and the flow above [24,38].…”

Section: Turbulence Structure and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the canopy mixing layer model apply to highly flexible aquatic vegetation? Insights from numerical modelling

et al. 2016

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Vegetation is a characteristic feature of shallow aquatic flows such as rivers, lakes and coastal waters. Flow through and above aquatic vegetation canopies is commonly described using a canopy mixing layer analogy which provides a canonical framework for assessing key hydraulic characteristics such as velocity profiles, large-scale coherent turbulent structures and mixing and transport processes for solutes and sediments. This theory is well developed for the case of semi-rigid terrestrial vegetation and has more recently been applied to the case of aquatic vegetation. However, aquatic vegetation often displays key differences in morphology and biomechanics to terrestrial vegetation due to the different environment it inhabits. Here we investigate the effect of plant morphology and biomechanical properties on flow-vegetation interactions through the application of a coupled LES-biomechanical model. We present results from two simulations of aquatic vegetated flows: one assuming a semi-rigid canopy and the other a highly flexible canopy and provide a comparison of the associated flow regimes. Our results show that while both cases display canopy mixing layers, there are also clear differences in the shear layer characteristics and turbulent processes between the two, suggesting that the semi-rigid approximation may not provide a complete representation of flow-vegetation interactions.

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“…Some peculiar phenomena, such as downward transport of turbulent kinetic energy, have been found in the air layer above and within plant canopies (Maitani, 1978a(Maitani, , 1978b. The relationship between downward transport of turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence statistics including higher order moments has been discussed in a previous paper (Maitani, 1978b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between downward transport of turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence statistics including higher order moments has been discussed in a previous paper (Maitani, 1978b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of turbulence statistics in the surface layer over plant canopies with those over several other surfaces

Maitani

1979

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Turbulence statistics, including higher order moments, in the surface layer over plant canopies were compared with those observed over several different surfaces, using a nondimensional height (z -d)/z(,. The values of (z -d)/z,, extend over a very wide range from 10" over plant canopies to 10' over the ocean. Several properties such as intensities of turbulence and skewness factors show a remarkable height-dependency in the air layer below (z -d)/z,, = 10'. which is supposed to be much influenced by the underlying surface. In that layer, some peculiar phenomena, such as a downward energy transport and positive flux of shear stress, are frequently observed.

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On the downward transport of turbulent kinetic energy in the surface layer over plant canopies

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Turbulence in an almond orchard: Vertical variations in turbulent statistics

Turbulence in an almond orchard: Vertical variations in turbulent statistics

Does the canopy mixing layer model apply to highly flexible aquatic vegetation? Insights from numerical modelling

A comparison of turbulence statistics in the surface layer over plant canopies with those over several other surfaces

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