On the ease of excitation of black hole ringing: Quantifying the importance of overtones by the excitation factors

Oshita, Naritaka

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.09757

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The first three overtones have comparable excitation amplitudes, with the latter growing slightly with n. Indeed, their excitation factors, the measure of their intrinsic excitability, grow with n peaking around n = 4 to 6 for nonextremal black holes, as recently shown in Ref. [60].…”

Section: Numerical Estimatessupporting

confidence: 65%

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Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

Sberna,

Bosch,

East

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Gravitational-wave observations of black hole ringdowns are commonly used to characterize binary merger remnants and to test general relativity. These analyses assume linear black hole perturbation theory, in particular that the ringdown can be described in terms of quasinormal modes even for times approaching the merger. Here we investigate a nonlinear effect during the ringdown, namely how a mode excited at early times can excite additional modes as it is absorbed by the black hole. This is a third-order secular effect: the change in the black-hole mass causes a shift in the mode spectrum, so that the original mode is projected onto the new ones. Using nonlinear simulations, we study the ringdown of a spherically-symmetric scalar field around an asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole, and we find that this "absorption-induced mode excitation" (AIME) is the dominant nonlinear effect. We show that this effect takes place well within the nonadiabatic regime, so we can analytically estimate it using a sudden mass-change approximation. Adapting our estimation technique to asymptotically-flat Schwarzschild black holes, we expect AIME to play a role in the analysis and interpretation of current and future gravitational wave observations.

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Section: Numerical Estimatessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The excitation factors of a Schwarzschild black hole can also be computed from the asymptotic expansion of the solutions of the Teukolsky equation, see for instance Refs. [59,60].…”

Section: A Qnm Horizon Flux and Area Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

Sberna,

Bosch,

East

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Regarding future directions, it would be interesting to obtain the corrections to the overtone frequencies, as they seem to be relevant for the ringdown signal [71,72]. Also, even though the QNMs at leading order in the spin have already been computed for Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet theory [56] and for dynamical Chern-Simons gravity [57,58], it remains important to generalize those results to the more general scalar-tensor theory presented in [34] so that one has a complete catalogue of QNMs in EFT extensions of GR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ringing of rotating black holes in higher-derivative gravity

2020

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We compute scalar quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies in rotating black hole solutions of the most general class of higher-derivative gravity theories, to quartic order in the curvature, that reduce to General Relativity for weak fields and are compatible with its symmetries. The wave operator governing the QNMs is not separable, but we show one can extract the QNM frequencies by a projection onto the set of spheroidal harmonics. We have obtained accurate results for the quasinormal frequency corrections relative to Kerr for rotating black holes with dimensionless spins up to ∼ 0.7. We also discuss to what extent our results carry over to the phenomenologically more relevant case of gravitational QNMs. Finally we provide an ancillary computational package that allows one to generalize our calculations to any effective energy-momentum tensor arising from higher-derivative terms in the effective action.

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“…It has long been known that including overtones improves the agreement between ringdown-only fits and the complete gravitational waveforms from perturbed BHs. This was first shown by direct integration of the perturbation equations sourced by infalling particles or collapsing matter [29][30][31][32] and then, more rigorously, using Green's function techniques [33][34][35][36][37]. Overtones were shown to improve agreement with numerical simulations of collapse [38], head-on collisions [39] and quasicircular mergers [26] leading to BH formation, and their omission leads to significant biases in mass and spin estimates [40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[43] showed that including overtones up to n = 7 in the ringdown model improves the agreement with numerical relativity simulations for all times beyond the time t peak where |h 2 + + h 2 × | has a maximum, claiming that this observation "implies that the spacetime is well described as a linearly perturbed BH with a fixed mass and spin as early as the peak." Their study's insistence on an intrinsically linear physical description spurred a sequence of additional investigations, both on the modeling and on the observational side [37,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. If higher overtones can indeed be measured by starting at the peak, the larger ringdown signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) would open the door to more precise tests of GR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the detection of ringdown overtones in GW150914

Cotesta,

Carullo,

Berti

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We analyze GW150914 post-merger data to understand if ringdown overtone detection claims are robust. We find no evidence in favor of an overtone in the data after the waveform peak. Around the peak, the log-Bayes factor does not indicate the presence of an overtone, while the support for a non-zero amplitude is sensitive to changes in the starting time much smaller than the overtone damping time. This suggests that claims of an overtone detection are noise-dominated. We perform GW150914-like injections in neighboring segments of the real detector noise, and we show that noise can indeed induce artificial evidence for an overtone.

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On the ease of excitation of black hole ringing: Quantifying the importance of overtones by the excitation factors

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

Ringing of rotating black holes in higher-derivative gravity

On the detection of ringdown overtones in GW150914

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