On the Effect of Aluminum on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CrN Coatings deposited by HiPIMS

Guimarães, Monica Costa Rodrigues; Castilho, Bruno César Noronha Marques de; Cunha, Carlos Jorge da; Correr, Wagner Rafael; Mordente, Paulo; Alvarez, F.; Pinto, Haroldo Cavalcanti

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-0848

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Besides, when observing the TiAlN patterns on different substrates, large differences among them can be noted, what is not the case for CrAlN, wherein the patterns are similar to each other regardless of the substrate used. The TiAlN (111) A high amount of aluminium atoms in the structure hinders the growth of c-CrN phases and promotes the formation of lattice defects reducing the crystallization of the coatings [47,48]. When using Fe-Kα, hex-AlN (10-11) possesses a reflection on the 2θ = 48.326 • , located in the vicinity of the CrAlN (111) reflection, 2θ = 47.9 • , causing an overlapping of the peaks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribomechanical Behaviour of TiAlN and CrAlN Coatings Deposited onto AISI H11 with Different Pre-Treatments

et al. 2019

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In the metalworking industry, different processes and applications require the utilisation of custom designed tools. The selection of the appropriated substrate material and its pre-treatment as well as the protective coating are of great importance in the performance and life time of forming tools, dies, punches and coated parts in general. TiAlN and CrAlN coatings have been deposited onto the hot work tool steel AISI H11 by means of Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering. Prior to the deposition, the steel substrate was modified by the implementation of three different pre-treatments: nitriding of the annealed substrate [Nitr.], heat treatment of the steel (quenching and double tempering) [HT] and nitridation subsequent to a heat treatment of the substrate [HT + Nitr.]. The purpose of this research is to obtain valuable information on the microstructural properties and tribomechanical behaviour of two of the most promising ternary transition metal nitride coatings, TiAlN and CrAlN, when deposited on the AISI H11 steel with different initial properties. The different pre-treatments performed to the steel prior to the deposition favour the tailoring during the design and construction of tools for specific applications. The microstructure, the adhesion and the wear resistance of TiAlN coatings were highly influenced by the substrate preparation. Contrarily, CrAlN results were more independent of the substrate preparation and no high influences were found. For instance, the adhesion of the TiAlN coating varied from 17 to 43 N for the coating deposited onto the HT + Nitr. substrate and the HT substrate respectively, while the lowest and highest adhesion of the CrAlN coating varied between 42 and 53 N for the HT and the HT + Nitr. respectively. Likewise, the wear coefficient of the CrAlN were ten times smaller than those found for the TiAlN coatings, presumably due to the presence of hex-AlN phases and the small differences on the Young´s Modulus of the substrate and the CrAlN coatings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribomechanical Behaviour of TiAlN and CrAlN Coatings Deposited onto AISI H11 with Different Pre-Treatments

et al. 2019

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“…Chromium and chromium-aluminum nitrides (CrN and CrAlN), as monolayers, have shown promising results in increasing the lifetime of different components [ 3 , 4 ]. Such ceramic coating compositions are more stable than those more commonly used such as titanium and titanium-aluminum nitrides (TiN and TiAlN), thus exhibiting higher oxidation resistance [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], which allows them to work at higher temperatures without any detrimental effect to their properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the Hybrid Magnetron Sputtering Process (HiPIMS and dcMS) to Manufacture Ceramic Multilayers: Powering Conditions, Target Materials, and Base Layers

Castilho

Mazuco²,

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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The mechanical and wear behavior of CrN/CrAlN multilayers were improved by tailoring the experimental conditions of a hybrid magnetron sputtering process based on a high-power impulse (HiPIMS) and two direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS) power supplies. To this end, the influence of the base layer and of the combination of Cr and CrAl targets, which were switched to the dcMS and HiPIMS power supplies in different configurations, were investigated with respect to the growth of ceramic CrN/CrAlN multilayers onto commercial gas-nitrided diesel piston rings. The microstructure, grain morphology, and mechanical properties were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and instrumented nanoindentation. Bench wear tests simulating the operation of a combustion engine were conducted against a gray cast iron cylinder liner under reciprocating conditions using 0W20 oil as a lubricating agent enriched with Al2O3 particles. The results revealed a significant increase in hardness, resistance to plastic strain, and wear resistance when two CrAl targets were switched to a HiPIMS and a dcMS power supply, and a Cr target was powered by another dcMS power supply. The compressive coating stresses were slightly reduced due to the soft Cr base layer that enabled stress relief within the multilayer. The proposed concept of hybrid magnetron sputtering outperformed the commercial PVD coatings of CrN for diesel piston rings manufactured by cathodic arc evaporation.

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“…The properties of coatings can be modified by changing HiPIMS process parameters such as bias polarization, working pressure, gas ratio, substrate displacement, and impinging angle of ion bombardment [ 9 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The microstructure, mechanical and tribological behavior are strongly related to N 2 /Ar flow ratios during deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work is based on the influence of nitrogen and yttrium additions on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties in the microstructural, mechanical, and tribological analysis of multilayer (Cr, Y)Nx coatings deposited by HiPIMS on AISI 304L stainless-steel substrates, using Dynamic Glancing Angle Deposition (DGLAD); DGLAD is a manufacturing route to develop nanostructured coatings with increased wear resistance and high hardness and toughness values due to systematic nanostructured layer formation [ 9 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nitrogen and Yttrium Contents in Manufacturing (Cr, Y)Nx Film Nanostructures

et al. 2022

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The high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique was applied to deposit multilayer-like (Cr, Y)Nx coatings on AISI 304L stainless steel, using pendular substrate oscillation and a Cr-Y target and varying the nitrogen flow rate from 10 to 50 sccm. The microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, instrumented nano-hardness, and wear tests. The columnar grain structure became highly segmented and nanosized due to pendular substrate oscillation and the addition of yttrium. The deposition rate increased continuously with the growing nitrogen flow rate. The increase in nitrogen flow from 10 to 50 sccm increased the hardness of the coatings (Cr, Y)Nx, with a maximum hardness value of 32.7 GPa for the coating (Cr, Y)Nx with a nitrogen flow of 50 sccm, which greatly surpasses the hardness of CrN films with multilayer-like (Cr, Y)Nx coatings architecture. The best mechanical and tribological performance was achieved for a nitrogen flow rate of 50 sccm. This was enabled by more elevated compressive stresses and impact energies of the impinging ions during film growth, owing to an increase of HiPIMS peak voltage with a rising N2/Ar ratio.

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On the Effect of Aluminum on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CrN Coatings deposited by HiPIMS

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Tribomechanical Behaviour of TiAlN and CrAlN Coatings Deposited onto AISI H11 with Different Pre-Treatments

Tribomechanical Behaviour of TiAlN and CrAlN Coatings Deposited onto AISI H11 with Different Pre-Treatments

Tailoring the Hybrid Magnetron Sputtering Process (HiPIMS and dcMS) to Manufacture Ceramic Multilayers: Powering Conditions, Target Materials, and Base Layers

Role of Nitrogen and Yttrium Contents in Manufacturing (Cr, Y)Nx Film Nanostructures

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