On the effective elastic properties based on mean-field homogenization of sheet molding compound composites

Trauth, Anna; Kehrer, Loredana; Pinter, Pascal; Weidenmann, Kay André; Böhlke, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jcomc.2020.100089

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Polymer-based materials are widely used in many engineering fields ranging from the automotive sector to naval applications. As basis for fiber reinforced composites, 1,2 they contribute to high-performance structures while enabling cost-efficient production. 3 There is a large number of polymer matrices in use, which differ greatly in their physical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic mechanical analysis of PA 6 under hydrothermal influences and viscoelastic material modeling

Kehrer

Keursten

Hirschberg

et al. 2023

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Polyamides serve as matrix material for fiber reinforced composites and are widely applied in many different engineering applications. In this context, they are exposed to various environmental influences ranging from temperature to humidity. Thus, the influence of these environmental conditions on the mechanical behavior and the associated implications on the performance of the material is of utmost importance. In this work, the thermoviscoelastic behavior of polyamide 6 (PA 6) for two equilibrium moisture contents is investigated. To this end, dynamic mechanical analysis tests with and without humidity control of the environmental chamber were performed. In terms of relaxation tests, the experimental results reveal drying effects and increased diffusion activities when the sample’s equilibrium moisture content differs from the ambient humidity level within the testing chamber. Temperature-frequency tests quantify the humidity-induced shift of the glass transition temperature. The linear generalized Maxwell model (GMM) and time-temperature superposition are used to analyze the hydrothermal effects on the linear viscoelastic material properties and the onset of mechanical nonlinearity. Based on these investigations and findings, insight is gained on the humidity influence on the material properties and the limitations of linear thermoviscoelastic modeling. Furthermore, the computational construction of master curves and the parameter identification for a generalized Maxwell model are described in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic mechanical analysis of PA 6 under hydrothermal influences and viscoelastic material modeling

Kehrer

Keursten

Hirschberg

et al. 2023

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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“…This work is motivated by the analysis of sheet molding compound (SMC), a discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite with fibers being significantly longer than the typical thickness of manufactured specimen. A microstructure of SMC, identified by computer tomography scans in [15], is repeated in Figure 2. This microstructure is influenced by the two-step manufacturing process of SMC depicted in Figure 6 and Figure 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig.2: Measured microstructure of sheet molding compound (SMC)[15] Fig.3: Artificial microstructure of SMC[10] …”

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confidence: 99%

Variety of Planar Fourth‐Order Fiber Orientation Tensors and Implications on Effective Elastic Stiffnesses

Bauer

Seelig

Hrymak

et al. 2023

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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In this contribution, selected results from [1–3] are presented in a compact and simplified way. In addition, the variety of fiber orientation tensors is used to determine a maximum deviation of the direction‐dependent Young's modulus, which can arise if only second‐order directional information is included in a specific meanfield homogenization. Focusing on the special case of planar fiber distributions, the variety of fiber orientation tensors identified in [1] is considered as a design space. This design space is completely explored for the orientation‐averaging homogenization following [4], fixed material parameters and fixed fiber volume content. The possible directional dependence of the resulting effective stiffnesses is graphically presented using polar plots of the direction‐dependent Young's modulus. These polar plots are arranged on two‐dimensional slices within the parameter space of planar fourth‐order fiber orientation tensors. This gives a complete representation of the influence of the orientation tensor on the anisotropic stiffness tensor. Consequences of closure approximations, i.e., restriction to second‐order directional information, are demonstrated and motivate measurement of fourth‐order fiber orientation tensors.

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“…Among different types of FRP, sheet molding compounds (SMCs), which are discontinuous fiber reinforced composites based on thermoset resins, are gaining significant attention in many advanced lightweight designs. SMCs represent a highly versatile alternative to traditional materials used in many structural automotive components because they present an outstanding compromise between the high stiffness of continuous fiber reinforced composites and the formability of short fiber reinforced composites 4–6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SMCs represent a highly versatile alternative to traditional materials used in many structural automotive components because they present an outstanding compromise between the high stiffness of continuous fiber reinforced composites and the formability of short fiber reinforced composites. [4][5][6] SMC components are characterized by high glass transition (T g ) values and so a relatively poor vibration damping performance at around room temperature. [7][8][9] Then, when operating at this temperature, the vibration of SMC structures would lead to detrimental effects such as noise, dynamic stresses that shorten the structural fatigue life and reduced performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMC/TPE bi‐layer configurations for structural vibration damping applications

Burgoa

Lekube

Zulueta

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Sheet molding compounds (SMCs) have considerable potential as lightweight alternative to traditional materials used in automotive components. However, despite their outstanding mechanical properties, their vibration damping characteristics are often relatively poor for several applications. Therefore, enhancing the vibration damping capability of SMCs represents a field with increasing interest. Application of viscoelastic layers to high stiffness materials, such as SMCs, represents an effective approach to add vibration damping functionalities to lightweight structural components. In this work, the incorporation of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) is studied as a novel strategy to enhance the structural vibration damping capability of SMCs. Several types of SMC and TPEs have been considered and the effect of TPE‐SMC thickness ratio on the damping and stiffness properties is investigated. The viscoelastic properties and vibration damping performance were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis. The effect of TPE addition on stiffness was studied by three‐point bending. Results reveal the potential of the incorporation of thin TPE layers as cost‐effective strategy to enlarge the vibration damping efficiency of SMCs while maintaining their overall high stiffness. It is expected that the bi‐material configurations presented in the current study will contribute to advance the development of new lightweight multi‐functional solutions for modern transport applications.

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On the effective elastic properties based on mean-field homogenization of sheet molding compound composites

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Dynamic mechanical analysis of PA 6 under hydrothermal influences and viscoelastic material modeling

Dynamic mechanical analysis of PA 6 under hydrothermal influences and viscoelastic material modeling

Variety of Planar Fourth‐Order Fiber Orientation Tensors and Implications on Effective Elastic Stiffnesses

SMC/TPE bi‐layer configurations for structural vibration damping applications

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