On the effects of topical synthetic pseudoceramides: Comparison of possible keratinocyte toxicities provoked by the pseudoceramides, PC104 and BIO391, and natural ceramides

Uchida, Yoshikazu; Holleran, Walter M.; Elias, Peter M.

doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.02.007

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This is in line with previous in vitro studies showing decreased viability of basal keratinocytes with ceramide doses above 10 lM (18,27). Further contribution of PS, C6-PS or ceramide III to induction of UVB-induced apoptosis which per se is partially caused by endogenous ceramide generation (19,28) could not be verified at the level of caspase-3 activity and nucleosomal fragmentation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Topical ceramides neither enhance UVB‐induced apoptosis in normal human keratinocytes nor affect viability in UVB‐irradiated reconstructed human epidermis

Felsner

Koehler

Farwick

et al. 2014

Experimental Dermatology

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Ceramides are the major lipid of lamellar sheets present in intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum contributing to epidermal barrier properties. Therefore, ceramides and their analogues have been studied for barrier enhancing and waterholding properties for decades. In vitro studies have indicated cytotoxic potential for cell-permeable ceramides thereby raising the question whether topical ceramide application might contribute to UVB-induced apoptosis. Phytosphingosine, N-hexanoylphytosphingosine and N-stearoylphytosphingosine (ceramide III) in concentrations ≤5 lM have been used for co-stimulation with low (160 J/m 2 ) or high (600 J/m 2 ) UVB doses in subconfluent basal and confluent differentiating keratinocytes. Significantly, increased caspase-3 activity was observed in basal keratinocytes irradiated with 600 J/m 2 UVB and in differentiating keratinocytes with both UVB doses. Co-stimulation with the named ceramides did not further increase (i) caspase-3 activity and (ii) nucleosomal fragmentation in differentiating keratinocytes. Moreover, costimulation with 1-mM ceramides did not further affect viability/ lactate dehydrogenase release in UVB-irradiated reconstructed human epidermis corroborating the safety of these ceramides.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Topical ceramides neither enhance UVB‐induced apoptosis in normal human keratinocytes nor affect viability in UVB‐irradiated reconstructed human epidermis

Felsner

Koehler

Farwick

et al. 2014

Experimental Dermatology

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“…In an effort to substitute lipids, the topical application of a synthetic ceramide showed inhibition of skin inflammation in a NC/Nga mouse model of AD, 12 and a potential topical synthetic pseudoceramide lacked keratinocyte toxicity in vitro. 13 These data are concordant with a previous observation that a ceramide-dominant, physiologic lipid-based emollient was well tolerated and improved disease severity in 24 children with AD as an add-on therapy. 14 In addition, a cream containing a preparation of Streptococcus thermophilus was claimed to be effective in enhancing stratum corneum ceramide levels in healthy volunteers because of the high levels of neutral sphingomyelinase activity in this organism.…”

Section: Role Of Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction In Ad Pathogenesissupporting

confidence: 91%

Atopic dermatitis: Therapeutic concepts evolving from new pathophysiologic insights

Jung

Stingl

2008

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…SC CERs can be generated either by serine palmitoyl transferase catalyzed de novo synthesis, which converts palmitoyl-CoA and L -serine into CERs [35], or by β- glucocerebrosidase [36] and acid sphingomyelinase [37] catalyzed hydrolysis of glucosylceramides (GlcCERs) and sphingomyelin (SPM), respectively. Large quantities of GlcCER and SPM precursors are produced in the epidermis and delivered to SC extracellular lipid domains.…”

Section: Epidermal Cers and Glucosylceramidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CERs used in lipid-based formulations and related researches are either synthetic versions of the natural skin CER analogues [26,54,163,164] and pseudo-CERs [35], or isolated from bovine brain [37] or produced biotechnologically. Although skin-similar CERs are found in plants, little effort has been made to investigate the potential applications of topically administered phytoCER formulations for diseased, aged, and affected skin.…”

Section: Topical Delivery Of Phytocersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Applications of Phyto-Derived Ceramides in Improving Epidermal Barrier Function

Tessema

Gebre‐Mariam

Neubert

et al. 2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The outer most layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, consists of corneocytes which are coated by a cornified envelope and embedded in a lipid matrix of ordered lamellar structure. It is responsible for the skin barrier function. Ceramides (CERs) are the backbone of the intercellular lipid membranes. Skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and aged skin are characterized by dysfunctional skin barrier and dryness which are associated with reduced levels of CERs. Previously, the effectiveness of supplementation of synthetic and animal-based CERs in replenishing the depleted natural skin CERs and restoring the skin barrier function have been investigated. Recently, however, the barrier function improving effect of plant-derived CERs has attracted much attention. Phyto-derived CERs (phytoCERs) are preferable due to their assumed higher safety as they are mostly isolated from dietary sources. The beneficial effects of phytoCER-based oral dietary supplements for skin hydration and skin barrier reinforcement have been indicated in several studies involving animal models as well as human subjects. Ingestible dietary supplements containing phytoCERs are also widely available on the market. Nonetheless, little effort has been made to investigate the potential cosmetic applications of topically administered phytoCERs. Therefore, summarizing the foregoing investigations and identifying the gap in the scientific data on plant-derived CERs intended for skin-health benefits are of paramount importance. In this review, an attempt is made to synthesize the information available in the literature regarding the effects of phytoCER-based oral dietary supplements on skin hydration and barrier function with the underlying mechanisms.

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On the effects of topical synthetic pseudoceramides: Comparison of possible keratinocyte toxicities provoked by the pseudoceramides, PC104 and BIO391, and natural ceramides

Abstract: Taken together with preclinical safety studies of these pseudo-Cer and their widespread use over the counter without evidence of toxicity, these studies provide further assurance about the safety of these pseudo-Cer for topical use.

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Topical ceramides neither enhance UVB‐induced apoptosis in normal human keratinocytes nor affect viability in UVB‐irradiated reconstructed human epidermis

Topical ceramides neither enhance UVB‐induced apoptosis in normal human keratinocytes nor affect viability in UVB‐irradiated reconstructed human epidermis

Atopic dermatitis: Therapeutic concepts evolving from new pathophysiologic insights

Potential Applications of Phyto-Derived Ceramides in Improving Epidermal Barrier Function

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