“…The seminal text of Gamma, Helm et al (1995) documented twenty-three design patterns and these have been added to, modified and studied by others since (Antoniol, Fiutem, & Cristoforetti, 1998;Bishop, 2008;Buschmann, Meunier, Rohnert, Sommerlad, & Stal, 1996;Di Penta, Cerulo, Guéhéneuc, & Antoniol, 2008;Fowler, 1997;Schmidt, Stal, Rohnert, & Buschmann, 2000). Bieman et al (2003) selected thirteen of the twenty-three design patterns and explored whether their intended benefits and, in particular, whether their relative stability compared to other classes were being empirically realized.…”