On the efficiency of soil sterilization in autoclave

Nowak, Andrzej; Wronkowska, H.

doi:10.1016/s0232-4393(87)80062-8

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…While studying abiotic transformation of nitrate, Dail et al [35] observed an increase of >30‐fold in dissolved organic carbon in an acid forest soil. Because autoclaving kills the bacteria and not the spores [36], the one autoclaving done in the present study may not have been sufficient to sterilize the samples since sterilization procedures such as autoclaving, gamma irradiation, and addition of HgCl 2 have been found to increase bacterial activity in sediments after up to three weeks of [33]. Other possible explanation is that in the active treatments, sorption occurred such that material was not extractable under the extraction conditions and autoclaving changed the chemistry to such an extent that sorption process was hindered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory degradation studies of four endocrine disruptors in two environmental media

Sarmah

Northcott

2008

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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We investigated the degradation of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE(2)), bisphenol-A (BPA), and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) in river water-sediment and groundwater-aquifer material under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The results showed rapid degradation of all four compounds in both media with >90% of the four compounds degraded within the first 2 to 4 d under both conditions. However, degradation rates were extremely slow for the remaining period. Model derived 50% dissipation time (DT50) values in river water-sediment slurries ranged from 0.24 to 1.5 d (E(2)), 0.29 to 1.1 d (EE(2)), 1.2 to 1.4 d (BPA), and 0.42 d (4-n-NP), while the 90% dissipation time (DT90) values for the four endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) ranged from 0.9 to 2.8 d under both conditions. A minor difference was observed in DT50 and DT90 values for the four EDCs in groundwater- aquifer material under aerobic conditions as compared with river water-sediment. Under anaerobic conditions, DT90 values ranged from >1,000 d (EE(2)) to >300 d (BPA), in groundwater-aquifer material. Degradation of the four compounds under anaerobic conditions was attributed to the sulfate-, nitrate-, and iron-reducing conditions within the tested media; however, it was postulated that overall degradation of the compounds was also influenced by abiotic factors, accounting for nearly 6 to 40% (river water- sediment) and 0 to 18% (groundwater-aquifer material) under the two conditions tested.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory degradation studies of four endocrine disruptors in two environmental media

Sarmah

Northcott

2008

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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“…The two enzymatic pathways for N 2 O production in AOB, from hydroxylamine and NO suggested to be 31%-75% of total N 2 O production in non-sterile agricultural soils (Venterea, 2007). However, there are difficulties in studying sterilized soil including incomplete sterilization, alteration of soil properties and an absence of biotic production of hydroxylamine or NO − 2 , which are precursors for abiotic production (Lotrario et al, 1995;McNamara, Black, Beresford, & Parekh, 2003;Nowak & Wronkowska, 1987). Wrage-Mönnig et al, 2018), although their ability to distinguish autotrophic and heterotrophic processes has been questioned .…”

Section: Linked Biotic and Abiotic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide production by ammonia oxidizers: Physiological diversity, niche differentiation and potential mitigation strategies

Prosser

Hink

Gubry‐Rangin

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

309

157

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Oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria and archaea is responsible for global emissions of nitrous oxide directly and indirectly through provision of nitrite and, after further oxidation, nitrate to denitrifiers. Their contributions to increasing N 2 O emissions are greatest in terrestrial environments, due to the dramatic and continuing increases in use of ammonia-based fertilizers, which have been driven by requirement for increased food production, but which also provide a source of energy for ammonia oxidizers (AO), leading to an imbalance in the terrestrial nitrogen cycle.Direct N 2 O production by AO results from several metabolic processes, sometimes combined with abiotic reactions. Physiological characteristics, including mechanisms for N 2 O production, vary within and between ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and comammox bacteria and N 2 O yield of AOB is higher than in the other two groups. There is also strong evidence for niche differentiation between AOA and AOB with respect to environmental conditions in natural and engineered environments. In particular, AOA are favored by low soil pH and AOA and AOB are, respectively, favored by low rates of ammonium supply, equivalent to application of slow-release fertilizer, or high rates of supply, equivalent to addition of high concentrations of inorganic ammonium or urea. These differences between AOA and AOB provide the potential for better fertilization strategies that could both increase fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N 2 O emissions from agricultural soils. This article reviews research on the biochemistry, physiology and ecology of AO and discusses the consequences for AO communities subjected to different agricultural practices and the ways in which this knowledge, coupled with improved methods for characterizing communities, might lead to improved fertilizer use efficiency and mitigation of N 2 O emissions.

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“…While studying abiotic transformation of nitrate, Dail et al [35] observed an increase of Ͼ30-fold in dissolved organic carbon in an acid forest soil. Because autoclaving kills the bacteria and not the spores [36], the one autoclaving done in the present study may not have been sufficient to sterilize the samples since sterilization procedures such as autoclaving, gamma irradiation, and addition of HgCl 2 have been found to increase bacterial activity in sediments after up to three weeks of [33]. Other possible explanation is that in the active treatments, sorption occurred such that material was not extractable under the extraction conditions and autoclaving changed the chemistry to such an extent that sorption process was hindered.…”

Section: Incongruent Findings and Possible Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Degradation Studies of Four Endocrine Disruptors in Two Environmental Media

Sarmah¹,

Northcott²

2007

Environ Toxicol Chem

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We investigated the degradation of 17␤-estradiol (E 2 ), 17␣-ethinylestradiol (EE 2 ), bisphenol-A (BPA), and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) in river water-sediment and groundwater-aquifer material under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The results showed rapid degradation of all four compounds in both media with Ͼ90% of the four compounds degraded within the first 2 to 4 d under both conditions. However, degradation rates were extremely slow for the remaining period. Model derived 50% dissipation time (DT50) values in river water-sediment slurries ranged from 0.24 to 1.5 d (E 2 ), 0.29 to 1.1 d (EE 2 ), 1.2 to 1.4 d (BPA), and 0.42 d (4-n-NP), while the 90% dissipation time (DT90) values for the four endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) ranged from 0.9 to 2.8 d under both conditions. A minor difference was observed in DT50 and DT90 values for the four EDCs in groundwateraquifer material under aerobic conditions as compared with river water-sediment. Under anaerobic conditions, DT90 values ranged from Ͼ1,000 d (EE 2 ) to Ͼ300 d (BPA), in groundwater-aquifer material. Degradation of the four compounds under anaerobic conditions was attributed to the sulfate-, nitrate-, and iron-reducing conditions within the tested media; however, it was postulated that overall degradation of the compounds was also influenced by abiotic factors, accounting for nearly 6 to 40% (river watersediment) and 0 to 18% (groundwater-aquifer material) under the two conditions tested.

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On the efficiency of soil sterilization in autoclave

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Laboratory degradation studies of four endocrine disruptors in two environmental media

Laboratory degradation studies of four endocrine disruptors in two environmental media

Nitrous oxide production by ammonia oxidizers: Physiological diversity, niche differentiation and potential mitigation strategies

Laboratory Degradation Studies of Four Endocrine Disruptors in Two Environmental Media

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